Shloka 14
Sup–Tiṅ Foundations: Prātipadika, Vibhaktis/Kārakas, and Lakāras
Tense–Mood System
तृतीया सहयोगे स्यात्कुत्सितेङ्गे विशेषणे / काले भावे सप्तमी स्यादेतैर्योगे ऽपिषष्ठ्यति
tṛtīyā sahayoge syātkutsiteṅge viśeṣaṇe / kāle bhāve saptamī syādetairyoge 'piṣaṣṭhyati
सहयोगे तृतीया स्यात्; कुत्सितेऽङ्गे विशेषणेऽपि तृतीया प्रयुज्यते। काले भावे च सप्तमी स्यात्; एतैः योगैः सह षष्ठी अपि क्वचित् भवति।
Lord Vishnu (teaching Garuda/Vinata-putra)
Concept: Semantic mapping of vibhaktis: tṛtīyā for accompaniment and certain qualificative/pejorative constructions; saptamī for time and condition; ṣaṣṭhī optionally in these yogas.
Vedantic Theme: Order (ṛta-like regularity) in language; correct relational thinking (sambandha-bodha) supports correct understanding.
Application: In reading Purāṇic and ritual Sanskrit, identify whether an instrumental indicates ‘with’ (saha) vs a descriptive/pejorative adjunct; treat locative as time/state; allow genitive alternation where idiom permits.
Primary Rasa: shanta
Related Themes: Garuda Purana 1.205: continuing vibhakti instruction; links to 1.205.15 on ṣaṣṭhī
FAQs
They prevent misreading of ritual, ethical, and doctrinal statements by clarifying when accompaniment (tṛtīyā) or time/state (saptamī) is intended, and when a genitive sense can also apply.
Indirectly: it provides grammatical guidance for correctly parsing doctrinal passages elsewhere in the text, which often describe states (bhāva) and times (kāla) of the soul’s post-death journey.
When studying or reciting the Garuda Purana for death rituals or śrāddha contexts, use these case-meaning cues to interpret relationships (with whom/with what), timing (when), and condition (in what state) accurately.