Shloka 41

Oṣadhi-nāma-nirdeśa: Paryāya (Synonyms) of Herbs, Minerals, and Classical Measures

Devanagari script

सुनन्दकः ककुद्भद्रं छत्राकी छत्रसंज्ञका / कबरी कुम्भको धृष्टः क्षुद्विधो धनकृत्तथा

Transliteration

sunandakaḥ kakudbhadraṃ chatrākī chatrasaṃjñakā / kabarī kumbhako dhṛṣṭaḥ kṣudvidho dhanakṛttathā

Translation

सुनन्दकः ककुद्भद्रं छत्राकी छत्रसंज्ञका। कबरी कुम्भको धृष्टः क्षुद्विधो धनकृत् तथा॥

Word by Word

• सुनन्दकः: Sunandaka (name)
• सुनन्दकः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सुनन्दक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• ककुद्भद्रम्: Kakudbhadra (name)
• ककुद्भद्रम्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ककुद् (प्रातिपदिक) + भद्र (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: कर्मधारय-समास (‘ककुद्-भद्र’), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• छत्राकी: Chatrākī (name)
• छत्राकी: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: छत्राकी (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• छत्रसंज्ञका: called ‘chatra’
• छत्रसंज्ञका: Karta (Predicate/विधेय)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: छत्र (प्रातिपदिक) + संज्ञक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास (‘छत्र-संज्ञक’ = named ‘chatra’), स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• कबरी: Kabarī (name)
• कबरी: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कबरी (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• कुम्भकः: Kumbhaka (name)
• कुम्भकः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कुम्भक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• धृष्टः: Dhṛṣṭa (bold; name/epithet)
• धृष्टः: Karta (Predicate/विधेय)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: धृष् (धातु) + त (कृत्) → धृष्ट (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: भूतकृदन्त (क्त), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; ‘bold/impudent’ (as epithet)

• क्षुद्विधः: Kṣudvidha (name)
• क्षुद्विधः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: क्षुद् (प्रातिपदिक) + विध (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास (अर्थ: ‘क्षुद्-विध’), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• धनकृत्: Dhanakṛt (wealth-maker; name)
• धनकृत्: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: धन (प्रातिपदिक) + कृत् (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक, कृ धातु)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास (‘धनं करोति’/‘धन-कृत्’), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• तथा: likewise
• तथा: Sambandha (Adverbial/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा (अव्यय)
• Form: प्रकार-अव्यय (adverb: ‘likewise’)

Speaker

Lord Vishnu (narrating names to Garuda/Vinatā-putra)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Śabda-jñāna as preservation: many appellations for one referent; learning through enumeration (smaraṇa).

Vedantic Theme: Conventional language (vyavahāra) as a tool; disciplined memory and precision in knowledge transmission.

Application: Build a synonym glossary so that when encountering any of these names in recipes/ritual manuals, one can map them to the correct substance.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 1.204 (synonym catalog continues)

Characters & Entities

• Garuda
• Yamadutas
• Pretas

FAQs

What is the importance of listing such names in the Garuda Purana?

This verse functions as a catalog of specific beings/attendants described in the after-death narrative, emphasizing that Yama’s realm is portrayed as structured with distinct classes or named agents rather than as a vague abstraction.

How does this verse explain the path of the soul after death?

Indirectly: by naming the beings associated with the post-mortem administration, it supports the text’s broader depiction that the departed soul encounters designated agents (often called Yamadūtas/pretic attendants) during the journey and judgment process.

Practical application of this wisdom today?

Use it as a reminder of moral accountability: the Garuda Purana frames afterlife consequences as orderly and law-governed, encouraging ethical conduct and mindful observance of śrāddha and related death-rites.