Shloka 4

Vows and Deity-Worship According to Tithi (Pratipadā to Amāvāsyā), plus Weekdays, Nakṣatras, and Yogas

Devanagari script

द्वितीयायां यमो लक्ष्मीनारायण इहार्थदः / तृतीयायां त्रिदेवाश्च गौरीविघ्नेशशङ्कराः

Transliteration

dvitīyāyāṃ yamo lakṣmīnārāyaṇa ihārthadaḥ / tṛtīyāyāṃ tridevāśca gaurīvighneśaśaṅkarāḥ

Translation

द्वितीयायां यमः लक्ष्मीनारायणश्चेहार्थदौ। तृतीयायां त्रिदेवाः—गौरी विघ्नेशः शङ्करश्च—पूज्याः।

Word by Word

• dvitīyāyām: on the Dvitīyā (2nd tithi)
• dvitīyāyām: Adhikaraṇa (Time/अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: dvitīyā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th), एकवचन; तिथिवाचक (2nd lunar day)

• yamaḥ: Yama
• yamaḥ: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yama (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन

• lakṣmī-nārāyaṇaḥ: Lakṣmī and Nārāyaṇa
• lakṣmī-nārāyaṇaḥ: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: lakṣmī + nārāyaṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; इतरेतर-द्वन्द्व (pair treated as one)

• iha: here (in this rite/context)
• iha: Adhikaraṇa (Context/अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: iha (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (adverb), देश/सन्दर्भवाचक

• artha-daḥ: bestower of benefit
• artha-daḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (Adjective/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: artha + da (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; विशेषण

• tṛtīyāyām: on the Tṛtīyā (3rd tithi)
• tṛtīyāyām: Adhikaraṇa (Time/अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tṛtīyā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th), एकवचन; तिथिवाचक (3rd lunar day)

• tri-devāḥ: the three gods
• tri-devāḥ: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tri + deva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन; द्विगु-समास (three gods)

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (conjunction), समुच्चयार्थ

• gaurī-vighneśa-śaṅkarāḥ: Gaurī, Vighneśa, and Śaṅkara
• gaurī-vighneśa-śaṅkarāḥ: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: gaurī + vighneśa + śaṅkara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन; इतरेतर-द्वन्द्व (enumeration)

Speaker

Lord Vishnu (in dialogue with Garuda/Vinata-putra)

Pretakalpa Layer

Afterlife Stage: Yamaloka Journey

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Worldly aims (ihārtha) are pursued within dharmic order: honoring Yama (moral law) alongside Lakṣmī-Nārāyaṇa (auspicious prosperity) and the Śaiva-Śākta-Gaṇapatya triad for harmony and obstacle removal.

Vedantic Theme: Karma is overseen by cosmic law (Yama) while grace and auspiciousness flow through divine forms; plural worship integrated under a coherent dharmic cosmos.

Application: On dvitīyā, combine ethical reflection (truthfulness, non-harm) with Lakṣmī-Nārāyaṇa pūjā; on tṛtīyā, honor Gaurī, Gaṇeśa, Śiva for household harmony and successful undertakings.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: bhayanaka

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana Pretakalpa broadly features Yama as dharma-rāja; this chapter’s tithi-devatā mapping uniquely places Yama in a vrata context; Continuing tithi prescriptions in 1.116.5+ for sequential observances

Characters & Entities

• Yama
• Lakshmi-Narayana
• Gauri
• Vighnesha (Ganesha)
• Shankara (Shiva)

FAQs

What is the importance of day-wise deity worship in the Garuda Purana?

This verse indicates a structured sequence of honoring specific deities on successive days, linking ritual timing with desired outcomes such as worldly welfare (artha) and protection from obstacles.

How does this verse relate to the soul’s journey after death?

By naming Yama and prescribing reverence in a timed sequence, the verse reflects the Garuda Purana’s framework where post-death rites and dharmic observances are coordinated with the governance of Yama and divine support for the departed and the family.

What is a practical application of this teaching today?

If performing śrāddha/antyeṣṭi-related observances, follow a disciplined, day-wise approach—invoking Yama for dharmic order, Lakṣmī-Nārāyaṇa for stability, and Gaurī–Gaṇeśa–Śiva for removing obstacles and maintaining auspiciousness.