Shloka 63

Sat-saṅga, Dharma-Nīti, Karma-Phala, Śauca, and Vairāgya

Overcoming Grief

यद्गतं तदतिक्रान्तं यदि स्यात्तच्च दूरतः / वर्तमानेन वर्तेत न स शोकेन बाध्यते

yadgataṃ tadatikrāntaṃ yadi syāttacca dūrataḥ / vartamānena varteta na sa śokena bādhyate

यद्गतं तदतिक्रान्तं यदि स्यात् तच्च दूरतः। वर्तमानेन वर्तेत न स शोकेन बाध्यते॥

यत्whatever/that which
यत्:
Pradhāna (Correlative/प्रस्ताव्य)
TypeNoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; सम्बन्धसूचक सर्वनाम
गतम्gone, past
गतम्:
Viśeṣaṇa (Adjectival modifier/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Root√गम् (धातु) + गत (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
Formभूतकृदन्त (क्त), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; विशेषण = ‘gone/past’
तत्that
तत्:
Pradhāna (Correlative/प्रस्ताव्य)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; अन्वय-प्रत्यवस्थान (correlative)
अतिक्रान्तम्has passed beyond, is over
अतिक्रान्तम्:
Pradhāna/Predicate adjective (विधेय-विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootअति√क्रम् (धातु) + अतिक्रान्त (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
Formभूतकृदन्त (क्त), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; विधेयविशेषण
यदिif
यदि:
Sambandha (Condition marker/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदि (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; अव्यय-सम्बन्धक (conditional particle)
स्यात्should be / were to be
स्यात्:
Kriyā (Predicate verb/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√अस् (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (Optative), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद
तत्that
तत्:
Pradhāna (Topic/प्रस्ताव्य)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; विषय
and
:
Samuccaya (Connector/समुच्चय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; समुच्चय (conjunction)
दूरतःfrom far away
दूरतः:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (Adverbial modifier/क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootदूरतस् (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; क्रियाविशेषण (adverb) = ‘from afar/at a distance’
वर्तमानेनby the present (moment)
वर्तमानेन:
Karaṇa (Instrument/करण)
TypeNoun
Root√वृत् (धातु) + वर्तमान (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
Formवर्तमानकृदन्त (शतृ), नपुंसकलिङ्ग/पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति (3rd/Instrumental), एकवचन; साधन (by means of the present)
वर्तेतshould live/act
वर्तेत:
Kriyā (Predicate verb/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√वृत् (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (Optative), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; आत्मनेपद; ‘one should conduct oneself’
not
:
Pratiṣedha (Negation/निषेध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; निषेध (negation particle)
सःhe
सः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; कर्ता
शोकेनby grief
शोकेन:
Karaṇa (Instrument/करण)
TypeNoun
Rootशोक (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति (3rd/Instrumental), एकवचन; हेतु/करणभाव (by/with grief)
बाध्यतेis afflicted
बाध्यते:
Kriyā (Predicate verb/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√बाध् (धातु)
Formलट्-लकार (Present), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; आत्मनेपद; कर्मणि प्रयोग (passive)

Lord Viṣṇu (in discourse to Garuḍa/Vainateya)

Concept: Grief is reduced by recognizing the irretrievability/remoteness of the past and by living in the present.

Vedantic Theme: Viveka and vairāgya applied to time-bound experiences; cultivation of śama (mental quiet) through present attention.

Application: When regret arises, label it as ‘past’; redirect attention to current duty (svadharma) and immediate wholesome action; practice daily reflection without rumination.

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: karuna

Related Themes: Garuda Purana nīti passages advising detachment from grief and steadiness of mind

FAQs

This verse teaches that clinging to what has already passed only fuels sorrow; steadiness comes from living rightly in the present, which prevents the mind from being overpowered by śoka.

Indirectly, it supports the Purana’s broader teaching that life and death are transitions governed by karma; since the departed cannot be retrieved, the living should focus on present dharma rather than debilitating lamentation.

Acknowledge loss without rumination, do your current duties (dharma), and channel remembrance into constructive actions—prayer, charity, or prescribed rites—rather than ongoing grief.