Shloka 3
Viśukra–Viṣaṅga-vadha (The Slaying of Viśukra and Viṣaṅga) — Lalitopākhyāna
Devanagari script
कथं तस्य रणोत्साहः कैः समं समयुध्यत / सहायाः के ऽभवंस्तस्य हतभ्रातृतनूभुवः
Transliteration
kathaṃ tasya raṇotsāhaḥ kaiḥ samaṃ samayudhyata / sahāyāḥ ke 'bhavaṃstasya hatabhrātṛtanūbhuvaḥ
Translation
कथं तस्य रणोत्साहः कैः समं समयुध्यत । सहायाः केऽभवंस्तस्य हतभ्रातृतनूभुवः ॥
Word by Word
kathamhow
katham:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootkatham (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya (अव्यय), interrogative adverb (प्रश्नार्थक क्रियाविशेषण)
tasyaof him
tasya:
Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha (षष्ठीसम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Singular
raṇa-utsāhaḥbattle-ardor
raṇa-utsāhaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता) (topic)
TypeNoun
Rootraṇa (प्रातिपदिक) + utsāha (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular; तत्पुरुषः—‘raṇe utsāhaḥ’ (enthusiasm in battle)
kaiḥwith whom
kaiḥ:
Saha/Karaṇa (सह/करण)
TypeNoun
Rootkim (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Plural (बहुवचन); interrogative ‘by/with whom’
samamtogether
samam:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootsama (प्रातिपदिक)
FormAvyaya (अव्यय), adverb ‘together/equally’
samayudhyatafought
samayudhyata:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√yudh (युध् धातु) with prefix sam-
FormImperfect (Laṅ/लङ्), Ātmanepada (आत्मनेपद), 3rd Person, Singular
sahāyāḥallies, companions
sahāyāḥ:
Karta (कर्ता) (topic)
TypeNoun
Rootsahāya (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural
kewho
ke:
Karta (कर्ता) (interrogative)
TypeNoun
Rootkim (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural; interrogative pronoun
abhavanwere, became
abhavan:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√bhū (भू धातु)
FormImperfect (Laṅ/लङ्), Parasmaipada, 3rd Person, Plural (बहुवचन)
tasyaof him
tasya:
Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha (षष्ठीसम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Singular
hata-bhrātṛ-tanū-bhuvaḥwhose bodies were as if dead from their brother’s death
hata-bhrātṛ-tanū-bhuvaḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण) (of sahāyāḥ)
TypeAdjective
Roothata (क्त-प्रत्ययान्त, √han हन् धातु) + bhrātṛ (प्रातिपदिक) + tanū (प्रातिपदिक) + bhu (प्रातिपदिक from √bhū)
FormMasculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural; बहुव्रीहिः—‘hatabhrātṛṇā tanūbhūḥ yeṣām’ / ‘whose bodies were (as if) slain because their brother was slain’ i.e., ‘those whose very bodies were as if dead due to (their) brother’s death’