Sutra 38
Devanagari script
एवं दुर्गराष्ट्रमुख्यानाभाषेत यथार्हं च मित्रामित्रपक्षम् ॥ कZ_०५.६.३८ ॥
Transliteration
evaṃ durgarāṣṭramukhyān ābhāṣeta yathārhaṃ ca mitrāmitrapakṣam
Translation
एवं दुर्गराष्ट्रमुख्यान् आभाषेत, यथार्हं च मित्रामित्रपक्षम्।
Word by Word
एवम्thus; in this manner
एवम्:
TypeParticle/Adverb
Rootएवम् (indecl.)
Formअव्यय; manner-adverb ‘thus/in this way’
दुर्गfort
दुर्ग:
TypeNoun
Rootदुर्ग
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग; प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन (समासपूर्वपद-रूपेण प्रयुक्तम्)
राष्ट्रkingdom; realm; territory
राष्ट्र:
TypeNoun
Rootराष्ट्र
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग; प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन (समासपूर्वपद-रूपेण प्रयुक्तम्)
मुख्यान्the chiefs; the principal (persons/officers)
मुख्यान्:
TypeAdjective (used substantively)
Rootमुख्य
Formपुंलिङ्ग; द्वितीया बहुवचन; ‘chief/leading (persons)’
आभाषेतshould address; should speak to
आभाषेत:
TypeVerb
Rootआ-भाष्
Formविधिलिङ् (optative); परस्मैपदम्; प्रथमपुरुष एकवचन; ‘should address/speak to’
यथाas; according to
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable/Conjunction
Rootयथा (indecl.)
Formअव्यय; correlating adverb ‘as/according as’
अर्हम्appropriately; as is fitting
अर्हम्:
TypeAdjective (used adverbially)
Rootअर्ह (अर्ह्/अर्हति-सम्बद्ध)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग; द्वितीया एकवचन; अव्ययीभावार्थे ‘as is proper/appropriate’
चand
च:
TypeParticle/Conjunction
Rootच (indecl.)
Formअव्यय; coordinating conjunction
मित्रally; friend
मित्र:
TypeNoun
Rootमित्र
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग; समासपूर्वपद-रूपेण
अमित्रenemy
अमित्र:
TypeNoun
Rootअमित्र
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग; समासपूर्वपद-रूपेण
पक्षम्the friend-and-enemy side(s); the alignment of allies and enemies
पक्षम्:
TypeNoun
Rootपक्ष
Formपुंलिङ्ग; द्वितीया एकवचन; समस्तपदम्: मित्र-अमित्र-पक्षम् = ‘the side/party of allies and enemies’ (i.e., the alignment of friend/enemy sides)
Entities Mentioned
D
durga-mukhya (fort leaders)R
rāṣṭra-mukhya (provincial/rural leaders)M
mitra-pakṣa (ally bloc)A
amitra-pakṣa (adversary bloc)FAQs
Forts control coercive capacity and strategic nodes, while countryside elites control revenue and local order; both must be stabilized to prevent fragmentation.