Sutra 7

Devanagari script

परशुल्कावरुद्धायां हस्तवधः चतुःशतो वा दण्डः शुल्कदानं च ॥ कZ_०४.१२.०७ ॥

Transliteration

paraśulkāvaruddhāyāṃ hastavadhaḥ catuḥśato vā daṇḍaḥ śulka-dānaṃ ca

Translation

परस्य शुल्केनावरुद्धायां स्त्रियाम् हस्तच्छेदः दण्डः वा चतुःशतः, तथा शुल्कस्य दानं च।

Word by Word

• परशुल्क: another’s/customs duty belonging to someone else; чужarge not one’s own
• Type: Noun
• Root: पर + शुल्क
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन (समासपद; अर्थतः ‘अन्यस्य शुल्कम्/परकीयशुल्कम्’)

• आवरुद्धायाम्: when (it) has been obstructed/withheld (i.e., in the case of obstruction of the duty)
• Type: Participle (Verbal adjective)
• Root: आ + √रुध् (रुधिर्)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग; सप्तमी एकवचन; भूतकृदन्त (क्त) ‘आवरुद्ध’ = अवरुद्ध/निरुद्ध; लोकेटिव-अब्सोल्यूट (सप्तमी) प्रयोगः

• हस्तवधः: cutting off of the hand (mutilation penalty)
• Type: Noun
• Root: हस्त + वध
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा एकवचन; ‘हस्तस्य वधः’ = हस्तच्छेदः/हस्त-नाशः (दण्डविशेषः)

• च: and
• Type: Particle
• Root: च
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक अव्यय

• चतुःशतः: four hundred (as a fine amount)
• Type: Numeral (Noun)
• Root: चतुः + शत
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा एकवचन; ‘चारि शतानि’ इत्यर्थे दण्डपरिमाणवाचकः

• वा: or
• Type: Particle
• Root: वा
• Form: विकल्पार्थक अव्यय

• दण्डः: penalty; fine
• Type: Noun
• Root: दण्ड
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा एकवचन; दण्डवाचकः

• शुल्कदानम्: payment of the duty
• Type: Noun
• Root: शुल्क + दान
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन; ‘शुल्कस्य दानम्’

• च: and
• Type: Particle
• Root: च
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक अव्यय

Entities Mentioned

• woman under prior contract
• prior claimant (groom/family)
• offender

More Details

FAQs

What is the state protecting here—morality or contract?

Primarily contract/order: the woman is treated as already reserved by a prior legally recognized arrangement (śulka), and interference is punished and monetarily reversed.

Why add ‘śulka payment’ alongside punishment?

To restore the injured party’s contractual/economic position in addition to deterring the offender.