Sutra 46

Devanagari script

पणान्माषकमुपजीवतो द्वादशपणो दण्डः ॥ कZ_०४.१.४६ ॥

Transliteration

paṇānmāṣakamupajīvato dvādaśapaṇo daṇḍaḥ

Translation

पणात् माषकम् उपजीवतः द्वादशपणो दण्डः।

Word by Word

• पणात्: from/for a pana (coin; monetary unit)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पण
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; पञ्चमी-एकवचन (अपादान/हेतौ)

• माषकम्: a māṣaka (small coin; fractional unit)
• Type: Noun
• Root: माषक
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; द्वितीया-एकवचन (कर्म/उपजीव्य-वस्तु)

• उपजीवतः: of one who subsists (by it) / of one who makes a living (from it)
• Type: Verb (participial)
• Root: उप-जीव्
• Form: वर्तमानकृदन्त; शतृ-प्रत्यय (उपजीवत्); षष्ठी-एकवचन (सम्बन्धे)

• द्वादशपणः: (a fine of) twelve panas
• Type: Noun (numeral-based)
• Root: द्वादश + पण
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-एकवचन; संख्यापूर्वपद-समास (द्वादश-पणः = द्वादश पणाः यस्य/परिमाणम्)

• दण्डः: the penalty/fine
• Type: Noun
• Root: दण्ड
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-एकवचन (विधेय)

Entities Mentioned

• paṇa
• māṣaka

More Details

FAQs

What behavior is being criminalized here?

Systematic small-scale extraction of value from currency units (e.g., clipping, shaving, or underpaying by a standard fraction) as a business model.