Sutra 16

Devanagari script

वापातिरिक्तमर्धसीतिकाः कुर्युः स्ववीर्योपजीविनो वा चतुस्थपञ्चभागिकाः ॥ कZ_०२.२४.१६ ॥

Transliteration

vāpātiriktamardhasītikāḥ kuryuḥ svavīryopajīvino vā catusthapañcabhāgikāḥ

Translation

वापातिरिक्तम् अर्धसीतिकाः कुर्युः; स्ववीर्योपजीविनो वा चतुर्थ-पञ्चभागिकाः।

Word by Word

• वापातिरिक्तम्: the surplus (produce/revenue) beyond what is due for the irrigation-reservoir (vāpa)
• Type: Adjective (used substantively)
• Root: अति-√रिच् (रिच्यते) / रिक्त (ppp)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्गे एकवचनम् प्रथमा/द्वितीया; विशेषणम् (अतिरिक्तम्) ‘वाप’ इत्यस्य

• अर्धसीतिकाः: half-share sītika cultivators (those under the sīta/agricultural arrangement taking/giving half share)
• Type: Noun (agent/holder designation)
• Root: सीतिका (from सीता ‘ploughed land/royal agriculture’ + -इक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे बहुवचनम् प्रथमा; ‘अर्ध-सीतिका’ = अर्धभाग-सीतिका (अर्धं सीताभागं ददाति/गृह्णाति इति)

• कुर्युः: should make / should render / should do
• Type: Verb
• Root: √कृ (करणे)
• Form: लोट्/विधिलिङ्?—विधिलिङ् (optative) परस्मैपदम्, प्रथमपुरुषः, बहुवचनम्; ‘they should do/make’

• स्ववीर्योपजीविनः: those who subsist by their own strength/labour
• Type: Noun (agent)
• Root: उप-√जीव् (जीवने)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे बहुवचनम् प्रथमा; ‘स्ववीर्येण उपजीवन्ति’ इति

• वा: or
• Type: Particle
• Root: वा
• Form: विकल्पार्थक-अव्ययम्

• चतुस्थपञ्चभागिकाः: those liable for (or holding) a fourth-share or a fifth-share arrangement
• Type: Noun (agent/holder designation)
• Root: भागिक (from भाग)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे बहुवचनम् प्रथमा; ‘चतुर्थभागिक’ ‘पञ्चमभागिक’ इत्यर्थे समाहार/द्वन्द्व-प्रायः (two alternative share-classes)

Entities Mentioned

• cultivators
• state revenue administration

More Details

FAQs

How does this verse use fiscal policy to increase cultivation?

It permits additional cultivation under favorable sharing rules and offers reduced shares (¼ or ⅕) for self-driven cultivators, encouraging expansion and effort.