Shloka 43
आत्यन्तिक-लयहेतुः: तापत्रय-विवेचनम् तथा ‘भगवान्/वासुदेव’ शब्दार्थः
Threefold Suffering and the Path to Final Liberation; Meaning of Bhagavān and Vāsudeva
एतान्य् अन्यानि चोग्राणि दुःखानि मरणे नृणाम् शृणुष्व नरके यानि प्राप्यन्ते पुरुषैर् मृतैः
etāny anyāni cogrāṇi duḥkhāni maraṇe nṛṇām śṛṇuṣva narake yāni prāpyante puruṣair mṛtaiḥ
Эти и многие другие свирепые страдания постигают людей в час смерти; выслушай же теперь о муках, что встречают в адских мирах, куда приходят люди после кончины.
Sage Parāśara (in instruction to Maitreya)
Speaker: Parasara
Topic: Enumeration of narakas and the sufferings experienced there after death
Teaching: Ethical
Quality: compassionate
Cosmic Hierarchy: Lokas
Concept: The text frames naraka-sufferings as a pedagogical disclosure: hearing and reflecting on them is meant to turn humans away from adharma before death arrives.
Vedantic Theme: Dharma
Application: Use ‘maraṇa-smṛti’ (mindfulness of death) to reform habits now—truthfulness, non-harm, charity, and devotion.
Vishishtadvaita: Moral instruction presupposes real agency of the jīva under the Lord’s governance; fear of naraka becomes a preliminary aid leading toward bhakti and prapatti.
FAQs
In this verse, Naraka functions as the post-death arena where karmic consequences become directly experienced—highlighting dharma as a real cosmic law within Vishnu’s ordered universe.
He frames them as multiple, severe pains that arise at death and continue as specific torments in hell-realms, presented didactically to Maitreya as a warning and moral instruction.
Even when Vishnu is not named in the verse, the teaching presupposes a universe ruled by a supreme moral order—where outcomes after death unfold under the sovereignty of the Supreme Reality upheld in Vaishnava theology.