Shloka 123

गृहस्थस्य सदाचारः: शौच, तर্পण, वैश्वदेव, अतिथिधर्म, भोजन-विधि, संध्योपासन, ऋतु-धर्मः

Devanagari script

पर्वस्व् अभिगमो ऽधन्यो दिवा पापप्रदो नृप भुवि रोगप्रदो नॄणाम् अप्रशस्तो जलाशये

Transliteration

parvasv abhigamo 'dhanyo divā pāpaprado nṛpa bhuvi rogaprado nṝṇām apraśasto jalāśaye

Translation

О царь, посещение (такого места) в дни парва объявлено неблагим; днём оно приносит грех, а на земле навлекает на людей болезни. Потому в отношении вод и водоёмов это считается непохвальным и неподобающим.

Word by Word

• parvasu: on festival/holy days
• parvasu: Adhikarana (Locative/अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: parvan (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/सप्तमी), बहुवचन

• abhigamaḥ: approach (i.e., sexual intercourse)
• abhigamaḥ: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: abhigama (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन

• adhanyaḥ: unmeritorious, blameworthy
• adhanyaḥ: Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: a-dhanya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन; ‘abhigamaḥ’ इत्यस्य विशेषणम्

• divā: by day
• divā: Kala (Time/काल)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: divā (अव्यय)
• Form: कालवाचक-अव्यय (adverb of time: ‘by day’)

• pāpa-pradaḥ: sin-giving, causing sin
• pāpa-pradaḥ: Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: pāpa (प्रातिपदिक) + prada (प्रातिपदिक; from √dā/दा ‘to give’ with pra-)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन; ‘pāpaṃ pradadāti’ इति उपपद-तत्पुरुष/कर्मधारयप्रायः; ‘abhigamaḥ’ इत्यस्य विशेषणम्

• nṛpa: O king
• nṛpa: Sambodhana (Address/सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: nṛpa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन (Vocative/सम्बोधन), एकवचन

• bhuvi: on the ground/earth
• bhuvi: Adhikarana (Locative/अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bhū (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/सप्तमी), एकवचन; स्थानवाचक

• roga-pradaḥ: disease-causing
• roga-pradaḥ: Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: roga (प्रातिपदिक) + prada (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन; ‘abhigamaḥ’ इत्यस्य विशेषणम्

• nṝṇām: of men/people
• nṝṇām: Sambandha (Genitive/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: nṛ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/षष्ठी), बहुवचन

• apraśastaḥ: not approved, improper
• apraśastaḥ: Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: a-praśasta (प्रातिपदिक; pra-√śaṃs/शंस् ‘to praise’ + kta, negated)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन; ‘abhigamaḥ’ इत्यस्य विशेषणम्

• jalāśaye: in water (a pond/reservoir)
• jalāśaye: Adhikarana (Locative/अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: jalāśaya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/सप्तमी), एकवचन; jala + āśaya (‘water-reservoir’)

Speaker

Sage Parāśara (in instruction to Maitreya; addressing a kingly archetype as 'nṛpa')

Parashara-Maitreya Dialogue

Speaker: Parasara

Topic: Improper conduct regarding visits to waters/reservoirs at parvan-times and the resulting sin/disease.

Teaching: Ethical

Quality: cautionary

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Certain actions around waters become blameworthy when done at ritually sensitive times (parvan) or in improper manner, yielding demerit and even bodily harm.

Vedantic Theme: Dharma

Application: Treat sacred/communal water sources with reverence: observe hygiene, avoid risky or inappropriate behavior at sensitive times, and align routine with prayerful discipline.

Vishishtadvaita: Purity of conduct safeguards one’s capacity for bhagavad-ārādhana; the world is God’s body, so misuse of shared resources violates service.

Vaishnava Theology

Bhakti Type: Shanta

Characters & Entities

• Parāśara
• Maitreya
• King (nṛpa)
• Parva days (tithi-junction observances)
• Water reservoirs (jalāśaya)

FAQs

What is the significance of parva-days in the Vishnu Purana?

Parva-days are treated as potent junction-times where actions intensify in result; this verse warns that certain visits/approaches are considered inauspicious and can yield negative karmic effects.

How does Sage Parāśara explain the link between time (kāla) and moral outcome (pāpa/puṇya)?

By stating that the same act—approaching a place—can become sin-giving by day and disease-causing on earth, Parāśara frames time and circumstance as amplifiers of karmaphala within dharmic order.

What is the theological importance of Lord Vishnu in this context?

Even when Vishnu is not named, the teaching assumes a cosmos governed by divine order: observing dharma in time, place, and purity aligns life with the sovereign law upheld by Vishnu as the Supreme Reality.