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Vamana Purana — Karmic Causes of Narakas, Shloka 26

Karmic Causes of Narakas and the Irremediability of Ingratitude (Kṛtaghna-doṣa)

Devanagari script

स्वपोषणपरो यस्तु परित्यजति मानवः पुत्रभृत्यकलत्रादिबन्धुवर्गमकिञ्चनम् दुर्भिक्षे संभ्रमे चापि स श्वभोज्ये निपात्यते

Transliteration

svapoṣaṇaparo yastu parityajati mānavaḥ putrabhṛtyakalatrādibandhuvargamakiñcanam durbhikṣe saṃbhrame cāpi sa śvabhojye nipātyate

Translation

Тот, кто, заботясь лишь о собственном пропитании, оставляет свой нищий круг зависимых — сыновей, слуг, жену и прочих родственников, особенно во время голода и смятения, низвергается в состояние/ад, именуемый «собачья пища».

Word by Word
स्वपोषणपरःdevoted to self-maintenance
स्वपोषणपरः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootस्व+पोषण+पर (प्रातिपदिक); स्व=स्व (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक), पोषण=पोषण (प्रातिपदिक), पर=पर (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), एकवचन (Singular); षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (genitive determinative): 'स्वस्य पोषणम्' इत्यस्मिन् परः
यःwho
यः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), एकवचन (Singular)
तुbut
तु:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु (अव्यय)
Formनिपात (particle/contrast)
परित्यजतिabandons
परित्यजति:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootपरि-√त्यज् (धातु)
Formलट्-लकार (Present), परस्मैपद, प्रथम-पुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन (Singular); उपसर्ग: परि
मानवःa man
मानवः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootमानव (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), एकवचन (Singular)
पुत्रभृत्यकलत्रादिबन्धुवर्गम्the group of sons, servants, wife, and other relatives
पुत्रभृत्यकलत्रादिबन्धुवर्गम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootपुत्र+भृत्य+कलत्र+आदि+बन्धु+वर्ग (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन (Singular); समाहार/निर्देश-तत्पुरुषः (enumerative determinative)
अकिञ्चनम्helpless, without possessions
अकिञ्चनम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Rootअकिञ्चन (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन (Singular); विशेषण (qualifier)
दुर्भिक्षेin famine
दुर्भिक्षे:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootदुर्भिक्ष (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), सप्तमी-विभक्ति (Locative/7th), एकवचन (Singular)
संभ्रमेin panic/confusion
संभ्रमे:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootसंभ्रम (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), सप्तमी-विभक्ति (Locative/7th), एकवचन (Singular)
चand
च:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)
अपिalso, even
अपि:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि (अव्यय)
Formनिपात (particle/additive)
सःhe
सः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), एकवचन (Singular)
श्वभोज्येin dog-food (state/place of being eaten by dogs)
श्वभोज्ये:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootश्वभोज्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), सप्तमी-विभक्ति (Locative/7th), एकवचन (Singular); षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः: श्वनां भोज्यम् (food of dogs)
निपात्यतेis cast down, is thrown
निपात्यते:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootनि-√पत् (धातु)
Formलट्-लकार (Present), आत्मनेपद, प्रथम-पुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन (Singular); कर्मणि-प्रयोग (Passive)
Speakers
Dialogue framework not explicit in the provided excerpt; commonly Pulastya → Nārada in Vāmana Purāṇa
Key Themes
Gṛhastha-dharmaDuty to dependentsEthics in crisis (famine/emergency)Pāpa-phala (karmic consequence)
Verse Rasa (Emotional Flavour)

{ "primaryRasa": "karuna", "secondaryRasa": "bhayanaka", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

FAQs

Gṛhastha life is defined by responsibility, not mere survival. In hardship, dharma intensifies: abandoning those who rely on you (children, spouse, dependents, kin) is treated as a grave moral failure. The verse promotes solidarity, protection of the vulnerable, and sacrifice of selfishness.

Like many purāṇic nīti passages, it is an instructional dharma segment rather than a core pancalakṣaṇa narrative. It functions as ethical codification embedded within purāṇic discourse (upadeśa), not as sarga/pratisarga/vamśa/vamśānucarita/manvantara description.

‘Śvabhojya’ (dog-food) symbolizes loss of human dignity and social-personal status due to betrayal of dharma. Dogs represent scavenging and abandonment; the punishment mirrors the offender’s own abandonment of dependents.

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