Shloka 44

The Glory of Bhārata-varṣa: Enumerating Mountains, Rivers, and Regions

Devanagari script

कुट्टापरांता माहेयाः कक्षाः सामुद्र निष्कुटाः । अंधाश्च बहवो विप्रा अंतर्गिर्यस्तथैव च

Transliteration

kuṭṭāparāṃtā māheyāḥ kakṣāḥ sāmudra niṣkuṭāḥ | aṃdhāśca bahavo viprā aṃtargiryastathaiva ca

Translation

Есть области, именуемые Куттапаранта и Махея; есть местности, называемые Какша, и прибрежные поселения у моря. Там же много слепых брахманов, и также народ Антаргирья — живущие внутри гор.

Word by Word

• कुट्टापरान्ताः: the Kuṭṭāparāntas (a people/region)
• कुट्टापरान्ताः: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कुट्टापरान्त (प्रातिपदिक; कुट्टा + अपरान्त)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), बहुवचन (Plural); जनपद/जातिनाम (gentilic/tribal name)

• माहेयाः: the Māheyas
• माहेयाः: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: माहेय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा (Nominative/1st), बहुवचन (Plural); जनपद/जातिनाम

• कक्षाः: the Kakṣās
• कक्षाः: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कक्षा (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग (Feminine), प्रथमा (Nominative/1st), बहुवचन (Plural); जनपद/जातिनाम (as a proper name)

• सामुद्रनिष्कुटाः: the Sāmudra-niṣkuṭas (sea-coast dwellers/people)
• सामुद्रनिष्कुटाः: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सामुद्रनिष्कुट (प्रातिपदिक; समुद्र + निष्कुट)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा (Nominative/1st), बहुवचन (Plural); षष्ठी/सप्तमी-तत्पुरुषभाव (determinative: 'of/near the sea') as a gentilic

• अन्धाः: the Andhas
• अन्धाः: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अन्ध (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा (Nominative/1st), बहुवचन (Plural); जनपद/जातिनाम

• च: and
• च: समुच्चय (Samuccaya/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction/particle): 'and'

• बहवः: many
• बहवः: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: बहु (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा (Nominative/1st), बहुवचन (Plural); विशेषण (adjective) agreeing with 'विप्राः'

• विप्राः: Brahmins
• विप्राः: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: विप्र (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा (Nominative/1st), बहुवचन (Plural)

• अन्तर्गिर्यः: the Antargiryas (those within the mountains)
• अन्तर्गिर्यः: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अन्तर्गिरि (प्रातिपदिक; अन्तर् + गिरि)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा (Nominative/1st), बहुवचन (Plural); अव्ययीभाव-समास: 'within the mountains' → gentilic

• तथा: likewise
• तथा: समुच्चय (Samuccaya/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा (अव्यय)
• Form: क्रियाविशेषण-अव्यय (adverb): 'thus/so/likewise'

• एव: indeed
• एव: निपात (Particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव (अव्यय)
• Form: निपात (particle/emphasis): 'indeed/just'

• च: and
• च: समुच्चय (Samuccaya/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction): 'and'

Speaker

Unspecified (narrative catalogue-style verse; likely within a Pulastya–Bhīṣma frame typical of Padma Purāṇa)

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: adbhuta

Secondary Rasa: shanta

Geographic Context

Type: city

Sandhi Resolution Notes

Sandhi Resolution Notes: सामुद्र निष्कुटाः → सामुद्रनिष्कुटाः (समास/सन्धि-लेखन). अंधाश्च → अन्धाः + च. अंतर्गिर्यस्तथैव च → अन्तर्गिर्यः + तथा + एव + च.

FAQs

What is the primary theme of this verse in the Svargakhaṇḍa?

It functions as a catalogue of regions/peoples, using geographic and ethnographic labels (coastal enclaves, mountain-dwellers) rather than a theological teaching.

Who are the “Antargirya” mentioned here?

Literally “those within/among the mountains,” indicating mountain-dwelling groups or communities; in Purāṇic lists it often serves as a descriptive ethnonym/toponym.

Does this verse teach a direct bhakti or ethical doctrine?

Not directly; it is primarily descriptive. Any ethical inference would be indirect—showing the Purāṇic tendency to map diverse human communities within a larger sacred-cosmic geography.