Shloka 39

Teaching of Karma-yoga

Student Conduct, Vedic Study, and Gāyatrī Supremacy

Devanagari script

संवत्सरोषिते शिष्ये गुरुर्ज्ञानमनिर्दिशन् । हरते दुष्कृतं तस्य शिष्यस्य वसतो गुरुः

Transliteration

saṃvatsaroṣite śiṣye gururjñānamanirdiśan | harate duṣkṛtaṃ tasya śiṣyasya vasato guruḥ

Translation

Когда ученик прожил с учителем год, даже если гуру ещё не наставил его в знании, сам гуру снимает с ученика его дурную заслугу (грех), лишь потому что ученик пребывает рядом с ним.

Word by Word

• संवत्सर-उषिते: (in the case of) one who has stayed for a year
• संवत्सर-उषिते: विशेषण (Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: संवत्सर (प्रातिपदिक) + उषित (कृदन्त)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन; क्त-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त; तत्पुरुषः (‘संवत्सरम् उषिते’ = having stayed a year)

• शिष्ये: in/with the disciple
• शिष्ये: अधिकरण (Adhikaraṇa/Locative)
• Type: Noun
• Root: शिष्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, एकवचन

• गुरुः: the teacher
• गुरुः: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: गुरु (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• ज्ञानम्: knowledge
• ज्ञानम्: कर्म (Karma/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ज्ञान (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• अनिर्दिशन्: not instructing
• अनिर्दिशन्: कर्ता-विशेषण (Agent qualifier)
• Type: Verb
• Root: अनु-निर्दिश् (धातु) → अनिर्दिशन् (कृदन्त)
• Form: शतृ-प्रत्ययान्त वर्तमान कृदन्त (present active participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; ‘(सन्) अनिर्दिशन्’ = not teaching/indicating

• हरते: takes away/removes
• हरते: क्रिया (Verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: हृ (धातु)
• Form: लट् (Present), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; आत्मनेपद

• दुष्कृतम्: sin/evil deed
• दुष्कृतम्: कर्म (Karma/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दुष्कृत (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• तस्य: of him
• तस्य: सम्बन्ध (Genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, एकवचन; सर्वनाम

• शिष्यस्य: of the disciple
• शिष्यस्य: सम्बन्ध (Genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: शिष्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, एकवचन

• वसतः: of (one) residing
• वसतः: सम्बन्ध (Genitive relation)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वस् (धातु) → वसत् (कृदन्त)
• Form: शतृ-प्रत्ययान्त वर्तमान कृदन्त, पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, एकवचन; ‘वसतः’ = of (the disciple) staying

• गुरुः: the teacher
• गुरुः: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: गुरु (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन (पुनरुक्ति/अन्वय-समाप्ति)

Speaker

Unspecified (narrative voice not identified from the single-verse excerpt)

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: adbhuta

Secondary Rasa: shanta

Sandhi Resolution Notes

Sandhi Resolution Notes: संवत्सर+उषिते→संवत्सरोषिते; गुरुः+ज्ञानम्→गुरुर्ज्ञानम्; ज्ञानम्+अनिर्दिशन्→ज्ञानमनिर्दिशन्

FAQs

What spiritual principle does this verse teach about living with a guru?

It teaches that sustained residence with a genuine teacher has purifying power: even before formal instruction begins, the disciple gains moral and spiritual cleansing through disciplined proximity and service.

Does the verse say knowledge is unnecessary if one lives with a guru?

No. It highlights an additional benefit of residence—removal of demerit—but does not deny the importance of receiving and practicing instruction (jñāna).

What is the ethical lesson for students and teachers in this passage?

For students: commit to consistent discipline and respectful dwelling/attendance rather than seeking quick results. For teachers: recognize responsibility for the welfare of those who take refuge, since the guru is portrayed as a moral protector.