Shloka 42

Protection of Brāhmaṇas

Devanagari script

संसारे जन्मसंप्राप्य न लब्धं सुखमत्र च । अनेन बालकेनापि मरिष्यति कथं त्वयम्

Transliteration

saṃsāre janmasaṃprāpya na labdhaṃ sukhamatra ca | anena bālakenāpi mariṣyati kathaṃ tvayam

Translation

«Получив рождение в этом сансаре, здесь не обретается счастья. Даже этот малый ребёнок умрёт — как же ты (избежишь смерти)?»

Word by Word

• संसारे: in the world / in saṃsāra
• संसारे: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: संसार (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular (एकवचन)

• जन्म-सम्प्राप्य: having attained birth
• जन्म-सम्प्राप्य: Purvakala (पूर्वकाल-क्रिया)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सम्+प्राप् (धातु) + ल्यप् (कृदन्त); जन्म (प्रातिपदिक) + सम्प्राप्य (कृदन्त)
• Form: Absolutive/Gerund (ल्यप्/त्वान्त-समकक्ष), indeclinable; compound: जन्मं सम्प्राप्य = having attained birth

• न: not
• न: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (अव्यय)
• Form: Negation particle (निषेध-अव्यय)

• लब्धम्: obtained / found
• लब्धम्: Karma (कर्म) / Predicate complement
• Type: Verb
• Root: लभ् (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त)
• Form: Past passive participle (क्त/भूतकर्मणि), Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative/Accusative (1st/2nd), Singular (एकवचन); used predicatively with implied 'अस्ति'

• सुखम्: happiness
• सुखम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सुख (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative/Accusative (1st/2nd), Singular (एकवचन)

• अत्र: here
• अत्र: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अत्र (अव्यय)
• Form: Adverb (देशवाचक-अव्यय)

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction (समुच्चय-अव्यय)

• अनेन: by/with this
• अनेन: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: इदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Pronoun (सर्वनाम), Masculine/Neuter, Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Singular (एकवचन)

• बालकेन: by/with the boy
• बालकेन: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: बालक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Singular (एकवचन)

• अपि: even / also
• अपि: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अपि (अव्यय)
• Form: Particle (निपात-अव्यय), concessive/emphatic

• मरिष्यति: will die
• मरिष्यति: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Verb
• Root: मृ (धातु)
• Form: Simple future (लृट्), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन)

• कथम्: how?
• कथम्: Prashna (प्रश्न/particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: कथम् (अव्यय)
• Form: Interrogative adverb (प्रश्न-अव्यय)

• त्वयम्: you
• त्वयम्: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: युष्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Pronoun (सर्वनाम), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); Vedic/archaic nominative form for 'त्वम्'

Speaker

Unspecified (context-dependent admonisher within the narrative)

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: karuna

Sandhi Resolution Notes

Sandhi Resolution Notes: जन्मसंप्राप्य = जन्म-सम्प्राप्य; बालकेनापि = बालकेन अपि.

FAQs

What central teaching does this verse give about saṃsāra?

It stresses the unsatisfactory nature of worldly existence: even after taking birth, lasting happiness is not found, because everything ends in death.

Why does the verse mention a child?

The child is used as a stark example of impermanence—death spares no age—intensifying the call to reflect on life’s fragility.

What ethical or practical lesson is implied?

Recognize mortality and avoid complacency; cultivate detachment (vairāgya) and prioritize enduring spiritual aims over temporary pleasures.