Shloka 40

Arjuna meets the Lokapālas, is tested by Indra, and is led to Amarāvatī for astra-śikṣā

Indraloka-gamana

Devanagari script

एवमेष चरन्‌ पार्थ कालचक्रमतन्द्रित: । प्रकर्षन्‌ सर्वभूतानि सविता परिवर्तते

Transliteration

evameṣa caran pārtha kālacakram atandritaḥ | prakarṣan sarvabhūtāni savitā parivartate ||

Translation

Вайшампаяна сказал: «О сын Кунти, так Савитр (Солнце) движется — неустанно и бдительно, — влечёт всех существ к их назначенным путям и поддерживает их, вращая колесо Времени».

Word by Word

• एवम्: thus, in this manner
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एवम्

• एषः: this (one), he
• एषः: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: एतद्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• चरन्: moving, roaming
• चरन्: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: चर्
• Form: शतृ (present active participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• पार्थ: O Pārtha (Arjuna)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पार्थ
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

• कालचक्रम्: the wheel/cycle of time
• कालचक्रम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: कालचक्र
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• अतन्द्रितः: unwearied, vigilant
• अतन्द्रितः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अतन्द्रित
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• प्रकर्षन्: drawing, pulling, attracting
• प्रकर्षन्: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्रकर्ष्
• Form: शतृ (present active participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• सर्वभूतानि: all beings
• सर्वभूतानि: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: सर्वभूत
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Plural

• सविता: the Sun (Savitar)
• सविता: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: सवितृ
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• परिवर्तते: moves around, revolves, proceeds
• Type: Verb
• Root: परि√वृत्
• Form: Present (Lat), Atmanepada, Third, Singular

Speaker

वैशम्पायन उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Vaiśampāyana
• Pārtha (Arjuna)
• Savitṛ (the Sun)
• Kālacakra (Wheel of Time)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse presents the Sun as an unwavering agent of cosmic order: by his constant motion he sustains life and impels all beings, symbolizing that time and duty operate continuously and impartially.

What is happening in the narrative?

Vaiśampāyana addresses Pārtha (Arjuna) and describes the Sun’s ceaseless course—how he draws and nourishes all creatures while keeping the cycle of time in motion.