Shloka 40

उद्योगपर्व — अध्याय ९३: कृष्णस्य धृतराष्ट्रोपदेशः

Kṛṣṇa’s Counsel to Dhṛtarāṣṭra in the Assembly

Devanagari script

तत्र केशवमानर्चु: सम्यगभ्यागतं सभाम्‌ । राजान: पार्थिवा: सर्वे कुरवश्च जनार्दनम्‌,वहाँ सभामें पधारे हुए भगवान्‌ श्रीकृष्णका भूमण्डलके राजाओं तथा सभी कौरवोंने भलीभाँति पूजन किया

Transliteration

tatra keśavam ānarcuḥ samyag abhyāgataṁ sabhām | rājānaḥ pārthivāḥ sarve kuravaś ca janārdanam ||

Translation

Там все земные цари вместе с куру должным образом почтили Кешаву — Джанардану, — который надлежащим образом прибыл в зал собрания. Сцена подчёркивает нравственное требование: даже среди политической напряжённости достойного гостя и почитаемого посланника следует встречать с правильным гостеприимством и уважением.

Word by Word

• तत्र: there
• तत्र: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तत्र
• Form: indeclinable (locative adverb)

• केशवम्: Keshava (Krishna)
• केशवम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: केशव
• Form: masculine, accusative, singular

• आनर्चुः: worshipped / honored
• Type: Verb
• Root: आ + अर्च्
• Form: perfect (liṭ), 3rd person, plural, parasmaipada

• सम्यक्: properly, duly
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सम्यक्
• Form: indeclinable (adverb)

• अभ्यागतम्: arrived, having come
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अभि + आ + गम् (गत)
• Form: masculine, accusative, singular (agreeing with केशवम्)

• सभाम्: assembly hall
• सभाम्: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: सभा
• Form: feminine, accusative, singular

• राजानः: kings
• राजानः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: राजन्
• Form: masculine, nominative, plural

• पार्थिवाः: earthly (kings), rulers
• पार्थिवाः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पार्थिव
• Form: masculine, nominative, plural (agreeing with राजानः)

• सर्वे: all
• सर्वे: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्व
• Form: masculine, nominative, plural (agreeing with राजानः/पार्थिवाः)

• कुरवः: the Kurus
• कुरवः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: कुरु
• Form: masculine, nominative, plural

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च
• Form: indeclinable (conjunction)

• जनार्दनम्: Janardana (Krishna)
• जनार्दनम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: जनार्दन
• Form: masculine, accusative, singular

Speaker

वैशम्पायन उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Vaiśampāyana
• Keśava (Kṛṣṇa)
• Janārdana (Kṛṣṇa)
• Sabhā (assembly hall)
• Rājānaḥ (kings)
• Pārthivāḥ (earthly rulers)
• Kuravaḥ (Kurus)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights dharma expressed as proper reception (samyak-pūjā) of a distinguished guest or envoy. Even when political conflict looms, ethical conduct in public space—honoring the worthy, observing courtly protocol, and maintaining civility—remains obligatory and socially binding.

What is happening in the narrative?

Kṛṣṇa (Keśava/Janārdana) arrives in the royal assembly, and the gathered rulers—along with the Kurus—formally honor him. The moment frames Kṛṣṇa’s presence as authoritative and revered within the diplomatic setting of the Udyoga Parva.