Shloka 38

ज्येष्ठं मात्स्यमनृशंसार्यरूपं विराटपुत्र॑ रथिनं पुरस्तात्‌ । यदा द्रष्टा दंशितं पाण्डवार्थे तदा युद्ध धार्तराष्ट्रोडन्वतप्स्यत्‌,सौम्य तथा श्रेष्ठ स्वरूपवाले राजा विराटके ज्येष्ठ पुत्र मत्स्यदेशीय महारथी श्वेतको जब दुर्योधन पाण्डवोंके हितके लिये कवच धारण किये देखेगा, तब उसे युद्धका परिणाम सोचकर मन-ही-मन बड़ा कष्ट होगा

jyeṣṭhaṃ mātsyam anṛśaṃsārya-rūpaṃ virāṭa-putraṃ rathinaṃ purastāt | yadā draṣṭā daṃśitaṃ pāṇḍavārthe tadā yuddhe dhārtarāṣṭro ’nvatapsyat, saumya ||

Санджая сказал: «Впереди стоит старший князь Матсьи — сын Вираты, выдающийся колесничий-воин, благородный в поступках и кроткий по природе. Когда сын Дхритараштры (Дурьодхана) увидит его вооружённым и в доспехах ради блага Пандавов, тогда, о мягкосердечный, он будет терзаться в душе, предвидя горький исход войны».

ज्येष्ठम्the eldest
ज्येष्ठम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootज्येष्ठ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
मात्स्यम्of Matsya (country/people)
मात्स्यम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootमात्स्य
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
अनृशंसcompassionate, non-cruel
अनृशंस:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअनृशंस
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
आर्यरूपम्of noble appearance
आर्यरूपम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootआर्यरूप
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
विराटपुत्रम्the son of Virāṭa
विराटपुत्रम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootविराटपुत्र
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
रथिनम्a chariot-warrior
रथिनम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootरथिन्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
पुरस्तात्in front, before
पुरस्तात्:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपुरस्तात्
Formtrue
यदाwhen
यदा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदा
Formtrue
द्रष्टाthe one who will see / the seer
द्रष्टा:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootदृश्
FormAgent noun (future/intentional sense), -तृ, Masculine, Nominative, Singular
दंशितम्armoured, clad in mail
दंशितम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootदंशित
FormPast passive participle, Masculine, Accusative, Singular
पाण्डवार्थेfor the sake of the Pāṇḍavas
पाण्डवार्थे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootपाण्डव-अर्थ
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
तदाthen
तदा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतदा
Formtrue
युद्धेin battle
युद्धे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootयुद्ध
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
धार्तराष्ट्रःDhṛtarāṣṭra’s son (Duryodhana)
धार्तराष्ट्रः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधार्तराष्ट्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अन्वतप्स्यत्will grieve, will be pained
अन्वतप्स्यत्:
TypeVerb
Rootतप्
FormSimple future (Luṭ), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada, अनु-

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
V
Virāṭa
V
Virāṭa’s eldest son (Matsya prince; identified in the Hindi gloss as Śvetaka)
D
Duryodhana (Dhārtarāṣṭra)
P
Pāṇḍavas
M
Matsya (kingdom/people)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights the moral weight of war: when righteous allies stand armed for a just cause, the aggressor is troubled by the anticipated consequences. It underscores that adharma-driven conflict brings inner torment even before the battle is fought.

Sañjaya describes to Dhṛtarāṣṭra the presence of Virāṭa’s eldest son, a noble chariot-warrior of Matsya, standing ready in support of the Pāṇḍavas. He predicts that Duryodhana, seeing this formidable ally armed for the Pāṇḍavas, will feel deep anxiety and distress about the war’s outcome.