Previous Verse
Next Verse

Shloka 11

Ārjava, Satya, and the Virocana–Sudhanvan Exemplum

Udyoga-parva 35

अतिवादं न प्रवदेन्न वादयेद्‌ यो5नाहतः प्रतिहन्यान्न घातयेत्‌ । हन्तुं च यो नेच्छति पापकं वै तस्मै देवा: स्पृहयन्त्यागताय,जो स्वयं किसीके प्रति बुरी बात नहीं कहता, दूसरोंसे भी नहीं कहलाता, बिना मार खाये स्वयं न तो किसीको मारता है और न दूसरोंसे ही मरवाता है, मार खाकर भी अपराधीको जो मारना नहीं चाहता, (स्वर्गमें) देवता भी उसके आगमनकी बाट जोहते रहते हैं

ativādaṁ na pravadet na vādayed yo 'nāhataḥ pratihanyān na ghātayet | hantuṁ ca yo necchati pāpakaṁ vai tasmai devāḥ spṛhayanty āgatāya ||

Хамса сказал: не следует предаваться чрезмерной или бранной речи и не следует подстрекать других к ссоре. Если тебя не ударили, не бей в ответ и не причиняй, чтобы били другого. И даже будучи обиженным, тот, кто не желает убить виновного, столь чист в самообуздании, что сами боги жаждут его прихода на небеса.

अतिवादम्excessive/harsh speech
अतिवादम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअतिवाद
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
प्रवदेत्should speak/utter
प्रवदेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र + वद्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
nor
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
वादयेत्should cause (others) to speak/argue; should provoke speech
वादयेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootवादय् (causative of वद्)
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अनाहतःunstruck; not attacked
अनाहतः:
TypeAdjective
Rootअनाहत
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
प्रतिहन्यात्should strike back
प्रतिहन्यात्:
TypeVerb
Rootप्रति + हन्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
घातयेत्should cause to be killed; should have (someone) killed
घातयेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootघातय् (causative of हन्/घात)
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
हन्तुम्to kill
हन्तुम्:
TypeVerb
Rootहन्
FormInfinitive (Tumun)
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
इच्छतिdesires/wants
इच्छति:
TypeVerb
Rootइष्
FormPresent (Lat), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
पापकम्sinful (person); wrongdoer
पापकम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootपापक
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
वैindeed
वै:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै
तस्मैto him
तस्मै:
Sampradana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Dative, Singular
देवाःthe gods
देवाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदेव
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
स्पृहयन्तिlong for; eagerly await
स्पृहयन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootस्पृह्
FormPresent (Lat), 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada
आगतायfor (his) coming; for the one who is to come
आगताय:
Sampradana
TypeAdjective
Rootआ + गम्
FormMasculine, Dative, Singular, Past active participle (kta), used adjectivally

हंस उवाच

हंस (Haṃsa)
देवाः (the gods)
पापक (the offender/wrongdoer)

Educational Q&A

The verse teaches disciplined speech and disciplined force: do not indulge in harsh or excessive talk, do not provoke others into conflict, do not retaliate when unprovoked, and do not escalate violence by having others harm on your behalf. The highest restraint is refusing to kill even an offender, a virtue praised as heaven-worthy.

In Udyoga Parva, amid counsel and moral instruction before the great war, the speaker identified as Haṃsa delivers a didactic maxim. The focus is not battlefield tactics but the ethical ideal of restraint—especially relevant in a parva concerned with diplomacy, provocation, and the looming outbreak of violence.