Shloka 115

दम्भं मोहं मत्सरं पापकृत्यं राजद्विष्ट॑ पैशुनं पूगवैरम्‌ । मत्तोन्मत्तैर्दुर्जनैश्वापि वाद॑ यः प्रज्ञावान्‌ वर्जयेत्‌ स प्रधान:,जो बुद्धिमान्‌ दम्भ, मोह, मात्सर्य, पापकर्म, राजद्रोह, चुगलखोरी, समूहसे वैर और मतवाले, पागल तथा दुर्जनोंसे विवाद छोड़ देता है, वह श्रेष्ठ है

dambhaṁ mohaṁ matsaraṁ pāpakṛtyaṁ rājadvaiṣṭaṁ paiśunaṁ pūgavairam | mattonmattair durjanaiś cāpi vādaṁ yaḥ prajñāvān varjayet sa pradhānaḥ ||

Поистине мудрый избегает лицемерия, омрачения, зависти, греховных дел, вражды к царю, клеветы, распрей между партиями и даже ссор с пьяными, безумными или злонамеренными людьми. Такого следует считать первейшим.

दम्भम्hypocrisy, ostentation
दम्भम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदम्भ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
मोहम्delusion
मोहम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमोह
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
मत्सरम्envy, jealousy
मत्सरम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमत्सर
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
पापकृत्यम्sinful deed
पापकृत्यम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपापकृत्य
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
राजद्विष्टम्enmity/hostility toward the king
राजद्विष्टम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootराजद्विष्ट
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
पैशुनम्slander, tale-bearing
पैशुनम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपैशुन
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
पूगवैरम्group/collective feud
पूगवैरम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपूगवैर
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
मत्तोन्मत्तैःwith the drunk and the frenzied
मत्तोन्मत्तैः:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootमत्तोन्मत्त
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
दुर्जनैःwith wicked people
दुर्जनैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootदुर्जन
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
अपिalso, even
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
वादम्dispute, argument
वादम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवाद
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
प्रज्ञावान्wise, discerning
प्रज्ञावान्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रज्ञावत्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वर्जयेत्should avoid, should shun
वर्जयेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootवृज् (वर्जयति)
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
प्रधानःexcellent, foremost
प्रधानः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रधान
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

विदुर उवाच

V
Vidura
R
rājā (the king, as an institution)

Educational Q&A

Wisdom is shown less by winning arguments and more by refusing morally corrosive habits—hypocrisy, envy, slander, factional hatred, disloyalty to rightful authority—and by not wasting one’s mind in disputes with the intoxicated, deranged, or wicked.

In the Udyoga Parva’s counsel-setting, Vidura delivers nīti (statecraft and ethical instruction), outlining the vices and social behaviors a prudent person should avoid as tensions move toward the Kurukṣetra war.