Previous Verse
Next Verse

Shloka 5

अध्याय २९ — वासुदेव–संजय संवादः

Karma, Varṇa-Dharma, and the Ethics of Governance

न मर्मगां जातु वक्तासि रूक्षां नोपश्रुतिं कटुकां नोत मुक्ताम्‌ । धर्मारामामर्थवतीमहिंस्रा- मेतां वाचं तव जानीम सूत,सूत! तुम्हारे मुखसे कभी कोई ऐसी बात नहीं निकलती, जो कड़वी होनेके साथ ही मर्मपर आघात करनेवाली हो। तुम नीरस और अप्रासंगिक बात भी नहीं बोलते। हम अच्छी तरह जानते हैं कि तुम्हारा यह कथन धर्मानुकूल होनेके कारण मनोहर, अर्थयुक्त तथा हिंसाकी भावनासे रहित है

yudhiṣṭhira uvāca |

na marmagāṃ jātu vaktāsi rūkṣāṃ nopśrutiṃ kaṭukāṃ nota muktām |

dharmārāmām arthavatīm ahiṃsrām etāṃ vācaṃ tava jānīma sūta, sūta ||

Юдхиштхира сказал: «О Су́та, ты никогда не произносишь слов, что бьют по самому больному месту — грубых, горьких или брошенных без раздумья. И не говоришь ты сухого и неуместного. Мы хорошо знаем: твоя речь согласна с дхармой — приятна праведным, исполнена смысла и цели и лишена всякого намерения причинить вред».

not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
मर्मगाम्wounding/vital-point-reaching
मर्मगाम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootमर्मग
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
जातुever, at any time
जातु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootजातु
वक्तासिyou will speak
वक्तासि:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPeriphrastic future (Lुट्), 2nd, Singular, Parasmaipada
रूक्षाम्harsh, rough
रूक्षाम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootरूक्ष
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
उपश्रुतिम्irrelevant talk/hearsay
उपश्रुतिम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootउपश्रुति
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
कटुकाम्bitter, pungent
कटुकाम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootकटुक
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
उत्up/out (preverb)
उत्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootउत्
मुक्ताम्uttered, released
मुक्ताम्:
Karma
TypeVerb
Rootमुच्
FormPast passive participle (क्त), Feminine, Accusative, Singular
धर्मारामाम्delighting in dharma / dharma-pleasing
धर्मारामाम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootधर्मारामा
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
अर्थवतीम्meaningful, purposeful
अर्थवतीम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअर्थवत्
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
अहिंस्राम्non-violent, harmless
अहिंस्राम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअहिंस्र
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
एताम्this
एताम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
वाचम्speech, utterance
वाचम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवाच्
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
तवof you, your
तव:
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
FormGenitive, Singular
जानीमwe know
जानीम:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootज्ञा
FormPresent (लट्), 1st, Plural, Parasmaipada
सूतO charioteer/bard
सूत:
TypeNoun
Rootसूत
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
सूतO charioteer/bard
सूत:
TypeNoun
Rootसूत
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

युधिछिर उवाच

Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
S
Sūta

Educational Q&A

The verse upholds ‘right speech’: words should not be cruel or strike at another’s vulnerable core, should avoid bitter gossip or careless utterance, and should be aligned with dharma—pleasant in a righteous way, meaningful, and non-harmful in intention.

In the Udyoga Parva’s pre-war deliberations, Yudhiṣṭhira addresses a Sūta respectfully, commending him for consistently speaking in a dharmic, purposeful, and non-violent manner—setting a moral tone for counsel amid rising conflict.