Shloka 10

Adhyāya 20 — Rājadharma Argument for Paternal Inheritance and Timely Conciliation

Devanagari script

सभायां क्लेशितैवीरै: सहभार्यैस्तथा भृशम्‌ । अरण्ये विविधा: क्लेशा: सम्प्राप्तास्तै: सुदारुणा:

Transliteration

vaiśampāyana uvāca |

sabhāyāṃ kleśitair vīraiḥ saha-bhāryais tathā bhṛśam |

araṇye vividhāḥ kleśāḥ samprāptās taiḥ sudāruṇāḥ ||

Translation

Вайшампаяна сказал: «В царском собрании тех героев вместе с их жёнами жестоко унизили и истязали; и в лесу также постигли их многие страдания — суровые и страшные».

Word by Word

• सभायाम्: in the assembly
• सभायाम्: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: सभा
• Form: Feminine, Locative, Singular

• क्लेशितैः: by (those) afflicted/tormented
• क्लेशितैः: Karana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: क्लेशित
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Plural

• वीरैः: by the heroes
• वीरैः: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: वीर
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Plural

• सह: together with
• सह: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सह

• भार्यैः: with (their) wives
• भार्यैः: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: भार्या
• Form: Feminine, Instrumental, Plural

• तथा: and also/likewise
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा

• भृशम्: exceedingly, greatly
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: भृशम्

• अरण्ये: in the forest
• अरण्ये: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: अरण्य
• Form: Neuter, Locative, Singular

• विविधाः: various
• Type: Adjective
• Root: विविध
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• क्लेशाः: afflictions, hardships
• क्लेशाः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: क्लेश
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• सम्प्राप्ताः: were obtained/occurred, befell
• Type: Verb
• Root: सम्-प्र-आप् (प्राप्)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural, क्त (past passive participle), active sense with intransitive 'arrived/befell'

• तैः: to/for them (by them in form)
• तैः: Sampradana
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Plural

• सुदारुणाः: very dreadful, extremely harsh
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सु-दरुण
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

Speaker

वैशम्पायन उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Vaiśampāyana
• Pandavas
• their wives
• assembly hall (sabhā)
• forest (araṇya)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Unjust harm—public humiliation and forced suffering—creates a grave moral debt. Remembering these wrongs frames the later demand for restitution as a dharmic necessity rather than mere vengeance.

What is happening in the narrative?

The narrator summarizes the Pandavas’ severe afflictions: first in the Kaurava court (the sabhā episode) and then during their forest exile, emphasizing the intensity and variety of their hardships.