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Shloka 20

राष्ट्रगुप्ति-संग्रहः

Protection of the Realm and Principles of Revenue & Local Administration

प्रद्धिष्टस्य कुत: श्रेयो नाप्रियो लभते फलम्‌ | वत्सौपम्येन दोग्धव्यं राष्ट्रमक्षीणबुद्धिना

praddhiṣṭasya kutaḥ śreyo nāpriyo labhate phalam | vatsaupamyena dogdhavyaṃ rāṣṭram akṣīṇabuddhinā ||

Бхишма сказал: «Какое благополучие возможно для того, кого все ненавидят? Правитель, не любимый народом, не получает истинной пользы. Потому царь, чьё суждение не помрачено, должен брать себе пропитание от царства мягко и понемногу — как телёнок сосёт молоко у коровы, — чтобы не вредить стране и сохранять связь с подданными».

प्रद्विष्टस्यof one who is hated
प्रद्विष्टस्य:
Sambandha
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रद्विष्ट (वि-द्विष्)
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
कुतःwhence/how (can it be)?
कुतः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकुतः
श्रेयःwelfare, good
श्रेयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootश्रेयस्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अप्रियःone who is not dear (unliked)
अप्रियः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअप्रिय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
लभतेobtains
लभते:
TypeVerb
Rootलभ्
FormLat (Present), Atmanepada, Third, Singular
फलम्fruit, result
फलम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootफल
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
वत्सौपम्येनby the analogy of a calf
वत्सौपम्येन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootवत्स-उपम्य
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
दोग्धव्यम्should be milked (to be drawn from)
दोग्धव्यम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootदोग्धव्य (दुह्)
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
राष्ट्रम्the kingdom/state
राष्ट्रम्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootराष्ट्र
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
अक्षीणबुद्धिनाby one whose intellect is not diminished
अक्षीणबुद्धिना:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootअ-क्षीण-बुद्धि
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
R
rāṣṭra (the kingdom/realm)
V
vatsa (calf)
G
go (cow, implied by the milking analogy)

Educational Q&A

A king must remain प्रिय (dear) to the people and govern for their welfare; extracting wealth harshly breeds hatred and destroys prosperity. Revenue should be taken moderately and gradually, like a calf drawing milk—enough for sustenance without injuring the source.

In the Śānti Parva’s instruction on rājadharma, Bhīṣma advises Yudhiṣṭhira on statecraft: an unpopular ruler cannot achieve śreyas, and prudent governance requires gentle, sustainable collection of resources from the realm.