Previous Verse
Next Verse

Shloka 44

Prāyaścitta and Contextual Non-Culpability (प्रायश्चित्त-निमित्त-अदोषवाद)

भक्ष्याभक्ष्येषु चान्येषु वाच्यावाच्ये तथैव च । अज्ञानज्ञानयो राजन्‌ विहितान्यनुजानतः

bhakṣyābhakṣyeṣu cānyeṣu vācyāvācye tathaiva ca | ajñānajñānayo rājan vihitāny anujānataḥ ||

Вьяса сказал: «О царь, эти очистительные обряды предписаны за проступки, связанные с тем, что дозволено или недозволено есть, что дозволено или недозволено говорить, а также за грехи, совершённые сознательно и несознательно. Разумный человек должен совершать их с ясным пониманием и с надлежащим дозволением, согласно установлению».

भक्ष्याभक्ष्येषुin (matters of) edible and inedible (things)
भक्ष्याभक्ष्येषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootभक्ष्य-अभक्ष्य
FormNeuter, Locative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अन्येषुin other (matters/things)
अन्येषु:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootअन्य
FormNeuter, Locative, Plural
वाच्यावाच्येin (matters of) what should be said and what should not be said
वाच्यावाच्ये:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootवाच्य-अवाच्य
FormNeuter, Locative, Dual
तथाlikewise
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
एवindeed/just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अज्ञानज्ञानयोःof ignorance and knowledge (i.e., unknowing and knowing)
अज्ञानज्ञानयोः:
TypeNoun
Rootअज्ञान-ज्ञान
FormNeuter, Genitive, Dual
राजन्O king
राजन्:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
विहितानिprescribed/ordained
विहितानि:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootवि-धा
FormNeuter, Nominative, Plural
अनुजानतःof one who permits/assents (knowingly)
अनुजानतः:
TypeVerb
Rootअनु-ज्ञा
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular

व्यास उवाच

V
Vyāsa
R
Rājan (the King)

Educational Q&A

Expiations are graded and prescribed for different kinds of lapses—dietary, verbal, and moral—taking into account whether the act was done knowingly or unknowingly; therefore one should perform prāyaścitta with understanding and in accordance with authorized scriptural procedure.

In the Śānti Parva’s instruction on dharma, Vyāsa addresses the king and summarizes that the previously described prāyaścittas apply broadly to violations of food and speech rules, as well as to sins committed with or without awareness, emphasizing disciplined, duly sanctioned observance.