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Shloka 75

नारद–शुक संवादः

Impermanence, Svabhāva, and Śuka’s Resolve for Yoga

यथैव बुध्यते मत्स्यस्तथैषो5प्यनुबुध्यते । स स्नेहात्‌ सहवासाच्च साभिमानाच्च नित्यश:

yathaiva budhyate matsyas tathaivo 'py anubudhyate | sa snehāt sahavāsāc ca sābhimānāc ca nityaśaḥ ||

Яджнявалкья сказал: «Как рыба, хотя и живёт в воде, всё же постигает, что вода отлична от неё, так и воплощённое “я”, пребывая в теле, порождённом пракрити, может различить себя и материальную природу. Но из-за постоянной привязанности, привычного сожительства и самомнения “я” и “моё” оно не осознаёт своего единства с Высшим; тогда оно тонет в океане Времени. Когда же оно облекается равностным разумением и узнаёт своё единство с Высшим, оно спасается из этого океана Времени».

यथाjust as
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
एवindeed/just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
बुध्यतेunderstands/realizes
बुध्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootबुध्
FormLat, Atmanepada, Prathama, Eka
मत्स्यःfish
मत्स्यः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमत्स्य
FormPum, Prathama, Eka
तथाso/thus
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
एषःthis (one)
एषः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormPum, Prathama, Eka
अपिalso/even
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
अनुबुध्यतेunderstands accordingly/comes to understand
अनुबुध्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootअनु + बुध्
FormLat, Atmanepada, Prathama, Eka
सःhe/that (one)
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormPum, Prathama, Eka
स्नेहात्from attachment/affection
स्नेहात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootस्नेह
FormPum, Panchami, Eka
सहवासात्from constant association/companionship
सहवासात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootसहवास
FormPum, Panchami, Eka
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
साभिमानात्from (a sense of) self-identification/pride
साभिमानात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootसाभिमान
FormPum, Panchami, Eka
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
नित्यशःalways/constantly
नित्यशः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनित्यशस्

याज़्ञवल्क्य उवाच

Y
Yājñavalkya
M
matsya (fish)
J
jīva/ātman (implied)
P
prakṛti (implied by context)
K
kāla (Time, implied by the Hindi gloss)

Educational Q&A

Even when the self can intellectually discern that it is distinct from the body and material nature, it remains bound if it clings through attachment (sneha), habitual identification (sahavāsa), and egoic possessiveness (abhimāna). Liberation comes through even-minded insight that recognizes the self’s true relation—ultimately unity—with the Supreme, thereby crossing beyond the destructive flow of Time.

In Śānti Parva’s instruction on liberation and right understanding, Yājñavalkya uses a simple analogy—fish and water—to explain how the embodied self can know it is not the body, yet still remain trapped due to attachment and ego. The teaching contrasts bondage (sinking in the ‘ocean of Time’) with release through equanimous wisdom.