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Shloka 13

Śuka–Janaka Saṃvāda: Āśrama-krama, Jñāna-vijñāna, and the Marks of Liberation (शुक-जनक संवादः)

बुद्धिरध्यात्ममित्याहुर्यथावदभिदर्शिन: । बोद्धव्यमधिभूतं तु क्षेत्रज्ञक्नाधिदिवतम्‌,यथार्थ ज्ञानी पुरुष कहते हैं कि बुद्धि अध्यात्म है, बोद्धव्य अधिभूत है और आत्मा अधिदेवता है

buddhir adhyātmam ity āhur yathāvad abhidarśinaḥ | boddhavyam adhibhūtaṃ tu kṣetrajñam adhidaivatam ||

Яджнявалкья сказал: «Провидцы, видящие вещи такими, каковы они есть, утверждают: разумение (buddhi) относится к адхьятме (adhyātma), к внутренней духовной области. То, что должно быть познано, есть адхибхута (adhibhūta) — сфера воплощённых элементов. А Знающий Поле (Kṣetrajña) — Самость, свидетельствующая внутри, — должен пониматься как адхидайвата (adhidaivata), божественный принцип-покровитель.»

बुद्धिःintellect
बुद्धिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootबुद्धि
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
अध्यात्मम्the spiritual/pertaining to the self (adhyātma)
अध्यात्मम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअध्यात्म
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
इतिthus
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
आहुःthey say
आहुः:
TypeVerb
Rootअह्
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
यथावत्properly, as it truly is
यथावत्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथावत्
अभिदर्शिनःthose who see/know clearly (true seers)
अभिदर्शिनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअभिदर्शिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
बोद्धव्यम्that which is to be known
बोद्धव्यम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootबुध्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular, Gerundive (तव्यत्), passive necessity
अधिभूतम्the elemental/pertaining to beings (adhibhūta)
अधिभूतम्:
TypeNoun
Rootअधिभूत
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
तुbut, indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
क्षेत्रज्ञःthe knower of the field (self)
क्षेत्रज्ञः:
TypeNoun
Rootक्षेत्रज्ञ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अधिदैवतम्the divine/pertaining to deity (adhidaivata)
अधिदैवतम्:
TypeNoun
Rootअधिदैवत
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular

याज़्वल्क्य उवाच

Y
Yājñavalkya
A
abhidarśinaḥ (true seers)
B
buddhi (intellect)
A
adhyātma
A
adhibhūta
K
kṣetrajña (Knower of the Field)
A
adhidaivata

Educational Q&A

Experience can be understood through a threefold framework: buddhi (intellect) is the inner spiritual domain (adhyātma), the knowable objects belong to the material/embodied domain (adhibhūta), and the kṣetrajña—the witnessing Self—is the presiding divine principle (adhidaivata). This encourages discernment: do not confuse external objects with the inner witness, and recognize the governing consciousness behind cognition.

In Śānti Parva’s instructional setting, the sage Yājñavalkya is expounding a philosophical classification to clarify how knowledge operates—distinguishing the inner instrument of knowing (buddhi), the external field of objects (adhibhūta), and the indwelling knower (kṣetrajña/adhidaivata).