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Shloka 36

Adhyāya 302: Guṇa-vicāra, Gati-bheda, and the Imperishable State

Yājñavalkya–Janaka

एतदक्षरमित्युक्तं क्षरतीदं यथा जगत्‌ | जगन्मोहात्मकं प्राहुरव्यक्ताद्‌ व्यक्तसंज्ञकम्‌,इससे भिन्न जो तत्त्व है, उसे अक्षर कहा गया है। इस प्रकार उस अव्यक्त अक्षरसे उत्पन्न हुआ यह व्यक्तसंज्ञक मोहात्मक जगत्‌ क्षरित होनेके कारण क्षर नाम धारण करता है

etad akṣaram ity uktaṃ kṣaratīdaṃ yathā jagat | jagan-mohātmakam prāhur avyaktād vyakta-saṃjñakam |

Васиштха сказал: «Иная, отличная от этого, реальность зовётся Непреходящим (Akṣara). Но этот мир, каким мы его видим, гибнет и уходит. Потому мудрецы называют эту вселенную — рождённую из Непроявленного и известную как Проявленное — “по природе своей обольщающей”; и, поскольку она разрушается, её именуют Преходящим (Kṣara)».

एतत्this
एतत्:
Karta
TypePronoun/Adjective
Rootएतद्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
अक्षरम्the imperishable (principle)
अक्षरम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअक्षर
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
इतिthus
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
उक्तम्is said/has been stated
उक्तम्:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
Formक्त (past passive participle), Neuter, Nominative, Singular, Passive/resultative
क्षरतिperishes/decays
क्षरति:
TypeVerb
Rootक्षर्
FormPresent (Lat), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
इदम्this
इदम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
यथाas/just as
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
जगत्the world
जगत्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootजगत्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
जगत्the world
जगत्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootजगत्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
मोहात्मकम्of the nature of delusion
मोहात्मकम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootमोहात्मक
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
प्राहुःthey have said/call
प्राहुः:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र + अह्
FormPerfect (Liṭ), 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada
अव्यक्तात्from the unmanifest
अव्यक्तात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun/Adjective
Rootअव्यक्त
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
व्यक्तसंज्ञकम्having the designation 'manifest'
व्यक्तसंज्ञकम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootव्यक्तसंज्ञक
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular

वसिष्ठ उवाच

V
Vasiṣṭha

Educational Q&A

The verse distinguishes the Imperishable (akṣara)—the enduring, unchanging principle—from the Perishable (kṣara)—the manifest world that continually decays. It frames the phenomenal universe as arising from the unmanifest and as inherently delusive, urging discernment between what changes and what does not.

In Śānti Parva’s instruction on liberation and right understanding, Vasiṣṭha is teaching a metaphysical discrimination: the sages name the unchanging reality ‘Akṣara,’ while the manifest cosmos, produced from the unmanifest and characterized by moha, is called ‘Kṣara’ because it is subject to dissolution.