Shloka 26

जनक–पराशर संवादः — वर्ण-गोत्र-धर्मविचारः

Janaka–Parāśara: Varṇa, Gotra, and Dharma Inquiry

Devanagari script

परिदाहस्तथा शोक: संतापो<पूर्तिरक्षमा

Transliteration

paridāhas tathā śokaḥ santāpo 'pūrtir akṣamā

Translation

Бхишма сказал: «Есть жгучая боль, и есть скорбь; есть мучение, чувство неполноты (неисполненного желания) и беспомощная неспособность».

Word by Word

• परिदाहः: burning pain, inflammation
• परिदाहः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: परिदाह
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• तथा: and also, likewise
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा

• शोकः: grief, sorrow
• शोकः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: शोक
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• संतापः: distress, torment
• संतापः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: संताप
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• अपूर्तिः: non-fulfilment, lack, incompleteness
• अपूर्तिः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: अपूर्ति
• Form: Feminine, Nominative, Singular

• अक्षमा: incapable, unable (to endure/act)
• अक्षमा: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अक्षमा
• Form: Feminine, Nominative, Singular

Speaker

भीष्म उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Bhīṣma

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Bhīṣma enumerates the characteristic forms of human suffering—burning anguish, grief, torment, unfulfilled longing, and helpless incapacity—highlighting how attachment and unmet desire manifest as inner pain, a key concern in ethical self-mastery taught in Śānti Parva.

What is happening in the narrative?

In Śānti Parva, Bhīṣma instructs Yudhiṣṭhira on dharma and the governance of the self and society; here he lists the afflictive states that trouble a person’s mind, as part of a broader analysis of suffering and the means to peace.