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Shloka 8

Adhyāya 249 — Mṛtyu-prādurbhāvaḥ (The Manifestation of Death) / Restraint of Tejas and Ordered Saṃhāra

यथा पुष्पफलोपेतो बहुशाखो महाद्रुम: । आत्मनो नाभिजानीते क्व मे पुष्पं क्व मे फलम्‌,जैसे फल और फूलोंसे भरा हुआ अनेक शाखाओंसे युक्त विशाल वृक्ष अपने ही विषयमें यह नहीं जानता कि कहाँ मेरा फ़ूल है और कहाँ मेरा फल है; उसी प्रकार जीवात्मा यह नहीं जानता कि मैं कहाँसे आया हूँ और कहाँ जाऊँगा। किंतु शरीरमें जीवसे पृथक्‌ दूसरा ही अन्तरात्मा है, जो सबको सब प्रकारसे निरन्तर देखता रहता है

yathā puṣpaphalopeto bahuśākho mahādrumaḥ | ātmano nābhijānīte kva me puṣpaṃ kva me phalam ||

Вьяса сказал: Как великое дерево, многоветвистое, усыпанное цветами и плодами, не знает о себе: «Где мой цветок и где мой плод?», так и индивидуальное «я» не знает: «Откуда я пришёл и куда уйду?» Но в этом теле есть иное внутреннее Я, отличное от воплощённой души, которое непрестанно созерцает всё — всех существ и все состояния — во всех отношениях.

यथाjust as
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
पुष्पफलोपेतःendowed with flowers and fruits
पुष्पफलोपेतः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootपुष्पफलोपेत
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
बहुशाखःhaving many branches
बहुशाखः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootबहुशाख
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
महाद्रुमःa great tree
महाद्रुमः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमहाद्रुम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
आत्मनःof itself / its own
आत्मनः:
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मन्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अभिजानीतेknows/recognizes
अभिजानीते:
TypeVerb
Rootज्ञा
FormLat, Present, Atmanepada, Third, Singular
क्वwhere
क्व:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootक्व
मेmy
मे:
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
FormFirst, Genitive, Singular
पुष्पम्flower
पुष्पम्:
TypeNoun
Rootपुष्प
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
क्वwhere
क्व:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootक्व
मेmy
मे:
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
FormFirst, Genitive, Singular
फलम्fruit
फलम्:
TypeNoun
Rootफल
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular

व्यास उवाच

V
Vyāsa
M
mahādruma (great tree)
P
puṣpa (flower)
P
phala (fruit)
J
jīvātmā (individual self)
A
antarātmā (inner Self/witness)

Educational Q&A

The verse teaches that the embodied individual self lacks full knowledge of its own origin, destiny, and inner workings—like a tree unaware of where its own flowers and fruits are—while an inner, distinct witnessing Self (antarātmā) remains continuously aware of all states. Ethically, it points toward humility, self-inquiry, and reliance on inner discernment rather than egoic certainty.

In the Śānti Parva’s reflective instruction, Vyāsa uses a natural metaphor (a great tree with many branches) to explain a subtle psychological and metaphysical point: the jīva’s limited self-knowledge contrasted with the ever-present inner witness within the body.