Shloka 3
Āśrama-dharma and Brahmacarya: Śuka’s Inquiry on Karma and Tyāga (शुक-प्रश्नः कर्मत्यागविवेकश्च)
अधीत्य वेदानखिलान् गुरुशुश्रूषणे रत: । गुरूणामनृणो भूत्वा समावर्तेत यज्ञवित्
adhītya vedān akhilān guruśuśrūṣaṇe rataḥ | gurūṇām anṛṇo bhūtvā samāvarteta yajñavit ||
Вьяса сказал: Изучив полностью все Веды и пребывая в усердном служении учителю, ученик—освободившись от долга перед наставниками, принеся надлежащую дакшину (dakṣiṇā)—должен затем совершить обряд самавартаны (samāvartana) и возвратиться к жизни домохозяина как знающий жертвоприношение (yajña) и священный долг.
व्यास उवाच
Educational Q&A
A student’s dharma is to complete Vedic study with disciplined service to the teacher, then repay the teachers’ obligation (through proper guru-dakṣiṇā and conduct), and only after becoming ‘debt-free’ to the guru should he formally graduate (samāvartana) and enter the next stage of life with understanding of yajña and duty.
In Śānti Parva’s instruction on righteous conduct, Vyāsa lays out the proper sequence for a brahmacārin: study the Vedas, serve the guru, settle one’s obligation to the teachers, and then perform the samāvartana rite that marks the completion of studentship and the return to household responsibilities.