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Shloka 1

बलीन्द्रसंवादः — Kāla, Anityatā, and the Limits of Agency

Mahābhārata 12.217

इस प्रकार श्रीमह्याभारत शान्तिपर्वके अन्तर्गत मोक्षधर्मपर्वमें श्रीकृष्णसम्बन्धी अध्यात्मका कथनविषयक दो सौ सोलहवाँ अध्याय पूरा हुआ ॥/ २१६ ॥ अपना बछ। सं: सप्तदर्शाधिकद्विशततमो< ध्याय: सच्चिदानन्दघन परमात्मा

bhīṣma uvāca | na sa veda paraṁ brahma yo na veda catuṣṭayam | vyaktāvyaktaṁ ca yat tattvaṁ samprokte paramarṣiṇā ||

Бхишма сказал: О царь, тот, кто не постигает четверичную реальность — Параматмана, исполненного бытия-сознания-блаженства (сат-чит-ананда), явленный мир, Пракрити и Пурушу (дживатмана), — тот поистине не знает Высшего Брахмана. Великий риши изложил принцип явленного и неявленного; не уразумев этих основополагающих категорий, знание о Наивысшем остаётся неполным.

भीष्मःBhishma
भीष्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभीष्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, 3, Singular, Parasmaipada
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
सःhe (that person)
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वेदknows
वेद:
TypeVerb
Rootविद्
FormPresent, 3, Singular, Parasmaipada
परम्the supreme
परम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootपर
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
ब्रह्मBrahman
ब्रह्म:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootब्रह्मन्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
वेदknows
वेद:
TypeVerb
Rootविद्
FormPresent, 3, Singular, Parasmaipada
चतुष्टयम्the set of four (tetrad)
चतुष्टयम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootचतुष्टय
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
व्यक्तम्the manifest
व्यक्तम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootव्यक्त
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
अव्यक्तम्the unmanifest
अव्यक्तम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअव्यक्त
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
यत्which/that
यत्:
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
तत्त्वम्principle; reality
तत्त्वम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootतत्त्व
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
सम्प्रोक्तम्fully taught/declared
सम्प्रोक्तम्:
TypeVerb
Rootसम्-प्र-वच्
Formkta (past passive participle), Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
परमर्षिणाby the supreme seer
परमर्षिणा:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootपरम-ऋषि
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
T
the King (Yudhiṣṭhira, implied by rājan in the prose context)
B
Brahman (paraṁ brahma)
P
Paramarṣi (Nārāyaṇa, implied by the surrounding context)

Educational Q&A

Knowing the Supreme (paraṁ brahma) requires clear understanding of a foundational fourfold scheme (catuṣṭaya). Bhishma emphasizes that metaphysical discernment—especially of the manifest (vyakta) and unmanifest (avyakta) principles as taught by the supreme seer—is prerequisite to liberation-oriented wisdom.

In the Mokṣadharma section of Śānti Parva, Bhishma continues instructing King Yudhiṣṭhira on liberation. This opening verse of the chapter frames the discussion: Bhishma cites the authoritative teaching of the ‘supreme seer’ and asserts that without grasping these key categories one cannot claim true knowledge of Brahman.