Shloka 28

Adhyāya 199: Karma–Jñāna Causality and the Nirguṇa Brahman

Manu’s Instruction

Devanagari script

धर्म उवाच यदि त्व॑ं नेच्छसे त्यक्तुं शरीरं पश्य वै द्विज । एष कालस्तथा मृत्युर्यमश्न त्वामुपागता:,धर्म बोले--ब्रह्मन! यदि तुम शरीर छोड़ना नहीं चाहते हो तो देखो, ये काल, मृत्यु और यम तुम्हारे पास आये हैं

Transliteration

dharma uvāca | yadi tvaṁ necchase tyaktuṁ śarīraṁ paśya vai dvija | eṣa kālas tathā mṛtyur yamaś ca tvām upāgatāḥ ||

Translation

Дхарма сказал: «О брахман, если ты не желаешь оставить тело, то смотри: само Время, Смерть и Яма пришли к тебе. Узнай: призыв смертности уже настиг тебя, и ни одно воплощённое существо не может отвергнуть предначертанный ход».

Word by Word

• धर्मः: Dharma (personified)
• धर्मः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: धर्म
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• उवाच: said
• Type: Verb
• Root: वच्
• Form: Perfect (Paroksha-bhuta), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

• यदि: if
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यदि

• त्वम्: you
• त्वम्: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: त्वद्
• Form: —, Nominative, Singular

• न: not
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न

• इच्छसे: wish/desire
• Type: Verb
• Root: इष्
• Form: Present, 2nd, Singular, Atmanepada

• त्यक्तुम्: to abandon/leave
• Type: Verb
• Root: त्यज्
• Form: Tumun (infinitive)

• शरीरम्: body
• शरीरम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: शरीर
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• पश्य: see/look
• Type: Verb
• Root: दृश्
• Form: Imperative, 2nd, Singular, Parasmaipada

• वै: indeed/for sure
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वै

• द्विज: O brahmin (twice-born)
• द्विज: Sampradana
• Type: Noun
• Root: द्विज
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

• एषः: this
• एषः: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: एतद्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• कालः: Time (Death-time)
• कालः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: काल
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• तथा: likewise/also
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा

• मृत्युः: Death
• मृत्युः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: मृत्यु
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• यमः: Yama
• यमः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: यम
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• त्वाम्: you
• त्वाम्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: त्वद्
• Form: —, Accusative, Singular

• उपागताः: have come/arrived (near)
• Type: Verb
• Root: उप-गम्
• Form: क्त (past passive participle), Masculine, Nominative, Plural

Speaker

धर्म उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Dharma
• Dvija (brāhmaṇa addressee)
• Kāla (Time)
• Mṛtyu (Death)
• Yama