Shloka 1

Adhyāya 164: Gautama as Guest; Kaśyapa’s Satkāra and the Fourfold Arthagati; Journey to Virūpākṣa

Devanagari script

ऑपनआक्रात बछ। 2 त्रेषष्ट्याधिकशततमोब< ध्याय: काम

Transliteration

yudhiṣṭhira uvāca | yataḥ prabhavati krodhaḥ kāmo vā bharatarṣabha | śoko moho ’vadhititsā ca parāsutvaṃ tathā madaḥ |

Translation

Юдхиштхира сказал: «О бык среди Бхарат, о премудрый прадед! Откуда возникают эти пороки: гнев и желание; скорбь и омрачение; побуждение поступать против правого установления; стремление погубить других; и опьяняющая гордыня? Прошу, разъясни их истинный источник ясно и точно.»

Word by Word

• यतः: from which; whence
• यतः: Apadana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यतस्
• Form: indeclinable (ablatival adverb: 'from which/whence')

• प्रभवति: arises; originates
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्र√भू
• Form: present tense (lat), parasmaipada, 3rd person singular

• क्रोधः: anger
• क्रोधः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: क्रोध
• Form: masculine, nominative, singular

• कामः: desire; lust
• कामः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: काम
• Form: masculine, nominative, singular

• वा: or
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वा
• Form: indeclinable (disjunctive particle)

• भरतर्षभ: O bull among the Bharatas (best of Bharatas)
• भरतर्षभ: Sampradana
• Type: Noun
• Root: भरत-ऋषभ
• Form: masculine, vocative, singular

• शोकः: grief
• शोकः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: शोक
• Form: masculine, nominative, singular

• मोहः: delusion
• मोहः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: मोह
• Form: masculine, nominative, singular

• विधित्सा: wish to act (esp. contrary to rule); urge to do
• विधित्सा: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: विधित्सा
• Form: feminine, nominative, singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च
• Form: indeclinable (conjunction)

• परासुत्वम्: hostility; intent to kill others
• परासुत्वम्: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: परासुत्व
• Form: neuter, nominative, singular

• तथा: likewise; also
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा
• Form: indeclinable (adverb)

• मदः: pride; intoxication
• मदः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: मद
• Form: masculine, nominative, singular

Speaker

युधिछिर उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Yudhiṣṭhira
• Bhīṣma (implied as the grandsire/pitāmaha)
• Bharatas (dynastic reference)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse frames an ethical inquiry: major inner faults—anger, desire, grief, delusion, transgressive impulse, murderous hostility, and pride—have identifiable causes, and understanding their origin is the first step toward their restraint and removal.

What is happening in the narrative?

In Śānti Parva’s instruction section, Yudhiṣṭhira respectfully asks the elder teacher (Bhīṣma) to explain the causal source of destructive mental states, setting up a discourse on diagnosing and overcoming moral and psychological दोष (doṣas).