Shloka 22

Devanagari script

गतदैवतसंस्थाना वृद्धबालविनाकृता । गोजाविमहिषीहीना परस्परपराहता,देवालय तथा मठ-मन्दिर आदि संस्थाएँ उठ गयी थीं, बालक और बूढ़े मर गये थे, गाय, भेड़, बकरी और भैंसें प्रायः समाप्त हो गयी थीं, क्षुधातुर प्राणी एक-दूसरेपर आघात करते थे

Transliteration

gatadaivatasaṁsthānā vṛddhabālavinākṛtā | gojāvimahiṣīhīnā parasparaparāhatā ||

Translation

Бхишма сказал: «Земля лишилась священных установлений и мест поклонения; погибли и старики, и дети. Коровы, овцы, козы и буйволы почти исчезли. Гонимые голодом, живые существа били друг друга — образ общества, рушащегося, когда уничтожены дхарма и пропитание.»

Word by Word

गतgone, departed

दैवत-संस्थानाःreligious establishments/temples (lit. deity-institutions)

वृद्ध-बाल-विनाकृताःdeprived of old people and children

गो-अज-अवि-महिषी-हीनाःwithout cows, goats, sheep, and buffalo-cows

परस्पर-पराहताःstriking one another / mutually injured

Speaker

भीष्म उवाच

Characters & Entities

Bhishma

daivata-saṁsthāna (temples/sacred institutions)

vṛddha (elders)

bāla (children)

go (cows)

jāvi (sheep/goats)

mahiṣī (buffaloes)

Character Dynamics

Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)

War Context

Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)

Philosophical Teaching

Political Layer

Geographic Context

Meter (Chandas)

Sandhi Notes

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

When dharma-supporting institutions and basic sustenance collapse, society descends into fear and mutual violence; the verse warns that protecting religious-social order and ensuring food security are ethical duties of governance.

What is happening in the narrative?

Bhishma depicts a devastated realm: worship-centers and institutions have vanished, vulnerable age-groups have died, livestock is depleted, and hunger drives people to attack each other—illustrating the extreme conditions of disorder and scarcity.