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Shloka 19

आपद्धर्मे राज्ञः नीतिः — Bharadvāja’s Counsel on Crisis-Statecraft (Śānti Parva 138)

आदी न कुरुते श्रेय: कुशलो<स्मीति यः पुमान्‌ | स संशयमवाप्रोति यथा सम्प्रतिपत्तिमान्‌

ādau na kurute śreyaḥ kuśalo 'smīti yaḥ pumān | sa saṁśayam avāpnoti yathā sampratipattimān matsyaḥ ||

Бхишма сказал: Человек, который, думая «я умел и способен», с самого начала не принимает мер ради собственного блага, впадает в опасность и сомнение — подобно рыбе, что ловка в мгновение, но в конце концов оказывается под угрозой самой жизни. Наставление таково: заботься о своём благе заранее, не полагайся лишь на самоуверенность и на хитрость последней минуты.

आदौat first, in the beginning
आदौ:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootआदि
FormAdverb (locative-form used adverbially): 'in the beginning/at first'
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
FormNegation particle
कुरुतेdoes, undertakes
कुरुते:
TypeVerb
Rootकृ
FormPresent tense (Lat), Ātmanepada, 3rd person, singular
श्रेयःwelfare, the good (beneficial course)
श्रेयः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootश्रेयस्
FormNeuter, accusative, singular
कुशलःskilled, competent
कुशलः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootकुशल
FormMasculine, nominative, singular
अस्मिI am
अस्मि:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormPresent tense (Lat), Parasmaipada, 1st person, singular
इतिthus, thinking/quoting
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
FormQuotative particle
यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, nominative, singular
पुमान्a man, person
पुमान्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपुमांस्
FormMasculine, nominative, singular
सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, nominative, singular
संशयम्doubt; peril/uncertainty
संशयम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसंशय
FormMasculine, accusative, singular
अवाप्नोतिattains, falls into
अवाप्नोति:
TypeVerb
Rootअव + आप्
FormPresent tense (Lat), Parasmaipada, 3rd person, singular
यथाas, like
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
FormComparative particle
सम्प्रतिपत्तिमान्one who has presence of mind/ready resource
सम्प्रतिपत्तिमान्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसम्प्रतिपत्ति + मत्
FormMasculine, nominative, singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
M
matsya (fish)

Educational Q&A

Do not rely on mere confidence in one’s skill; secure one’s true welfare (śreyas) early through timely, well-considered action. Last-minute cleverness cannot always avert danger once circumstances have turned adverse.

In Bhishma’s instruction in the Shanti Parva, he warns the listener through a simile: a person who postpones beneficial measures because he thinks himself capable ends up in a life-threatening predicament, like a fish that is quick-witted in the moment yet still gets trapped.