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Shloka 49

मृदु-तीक्ष्ण-नीति तथा दुष्टलक्षण-विज्ञानम्

Measured Policy and the Recognition of Malicious Disposition

पृथगेत्य समश्नाति नेदमद्य यथाविधि । आसने शयमने याने भावा लक्ष्या विशेषत:,जो कहींसे आकर साथ नहीं, अलग बैठकर खाता है और कहता है, आजका जैसा भोजन चाहिये, वैसा नहीं बना है (वह भी दुष्ट है)। इस प्रकार बैठने, सोने और चलने-फिरने आदिदमें दुष्ट व्यक्तिके दुष्टतापूर्ण भाव विशेषरूपसे देखे जाते हैं

pṛthag etya samaśnāti nedam adya yathāvidhi | āsane śayamane yāne bhāvā lakṣyā viśeṣataḥ ||

Бхишма сказал: «Тот, кто приходит и ест в стороне от других, а затем жалуется: “Сегодня пища приготовлена не так, как следует”, должен считаться порочным. В таких вещах — как человек сидит, как ложится и как движется, — с особой ясностью распознаются внутренние склонности, выдающие развращённый характер».

पृथक्separately
पृथक्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपृथक्
इत्यthus (quotative)
इत्य:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
समश्नातिeats
समश्नाति:
TypeVerb
Rootअश् (अश्नाति)
FormLat, Present, 3, Singular, Parasmaipada
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
इदम्this (food/thing)
इदम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
अद्यtoday
अद्य:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअद्य
यथाas, according to
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
विधिrule, proper manner
विधि:
TypeNoun
Rootविधि
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
आसनेin sitting/seat
आसने:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootआसन
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
शयमनेin lying down/bed
शयमने:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootशयन
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
यानेin going/vehicle (while moving)
याने:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootयान
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
भावाःdispositions, attitudes
भावाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभाव
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
लक्ष्याःto be observed/recognized
लक्ष्याः:
TypeAdjective
Rootलक्ष्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
विशेषतःespecially, particularly
विशेषतः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootविशेषतः

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma

Educational Q&A

Bhishma teaches that inner character is revealed through everyday conduct: isolating oneself while eating and fault-finding about what is served indicates a corrupt disposition, and one’s habitual manners of sitting, resting, and moving are reliable signs of one’s moral state.

In the Shanti Parva’s instruction on dharma and right conduct, Bhishma is describing observable behavioral markers by which one can recognize a person of bad character, using the example of antisocial eating and habitual complaint, and extending it to bodily comportment in daily life.