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Shloka 46

मृदु-तीक्ष्ण-नीति तथा दुष्टलक्षण-विज्ञानम्

Measured Policy and the Recognition of Malicious Disposition

ब॒हस्पतिरुवाच परोक्षमगुणानाह सदगुणानभ्यसूयते । परैर्वा कीर्त्यमानेषु तृष्णीमास्ते पराड्मुख:,बृहस्पतिजीने कहा--देवराज! जो परोक्षमें किसी व्यक्तिके दोष-ही-दोष बताता है, उसके सदगुणोंमें भी दोषारोपण करता रहता है और यदि दूसरे लोग उसके गुणोंका वर्णन करते हैं तो जो मुँह फेरकर चुप बैठ जाता है, वही दुष्ट माना जाता है

bṛhaspatir uvāca parokṣam aguṇān āha sadguṇān abhyasūyate | parair vā kīrtyamāneṣu tṛṣṇīm āste parāṅmukhaḥ ||

Брихаспати сказал: «О царь богов, злым считается тот, кто за спиной человека говорит лишь о его пороках; кто порицает даже его подлинные добродетели; и кто, когда другие прославляют эти добродетели, отворачивается и молча сидит. Такое поведение выдаёт зависть и укоренившуюся враждебность к добру.»

{'bṛhaspatiḥ''Bṛhaspati (preceptor of the gods)', 'uvāca': 'said', 'parokṣam': 'in one’s absence
{'bṛhaspatiḥ':
behind one’s back', 'aguṇān''faults
behind one’s back', 'aguṇān':
bad qualities', 'āha''speaks
bad qualities', 'āha':
says', 'sadguṇān''good qualities
says', 'sadguṇān':
virtues', 'abhyasūyate''carps at
virtues', 'abhyasūyate':
imputes faults', 'paraiḥ''by others', 'vā': 'or
imputes faults', 'paraiḥ':
and', 'kīrtyamāneṣu''when being praised/celebrated (locative absolute sense)', 'tṛṣṇīm': 'silently', 'āste': 'sits
and', 'kīrtyamāneṣu':
remains', 'parāṅmukhaḥ''turning away
remains', 'parāṅmukhaḥ':
indifferent/hostile', 'duṣṭaḥ (implied)''wicked
indifferent/hostile', 'duṣṭaḥ (implied)':

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bṛhaspati

Educational Q&A

A person’s moral corruption is shown by three signs: speaking of others’ faults in their absence, fault-finding even with genuine virtues, and refusing to acknowledge goodness when others praise it—silence and turning away here indicate envy and hostility to virtue.

Within Bhīṣma’s discourse in Śānti Parva, a saying attributed to Bṛhaspati is cited as an ethical maxim, defining the behavior by which a ‘duṣṭa’ (wicked person) can be recognized—especially through how they speak about others’ qualities.