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Shloka 3

रणभूमिवर्णनम् — Devāsuropama-yuddha and the ‘River’ Metaphor of the Battlefield

अकल्प्यन्त च मातड्रा: समनहान्त पत्तय: । रथानास्तरणोपेतांश्षक्रुरन्ये सहस्रश:

akalpyanta ca mātaṅgāḥ samanahyanta pattayaḥ | rathān āstaraṇopetān śakrur anye sahasraśaḥ ||

Санджая сказал: Готовили боевых слонов, пешие воины затягивали доспехи, а тысячи других спешно снаряжали колесницы с покровами. Поняв замысел царя, всё войско торопливо занялось своим делом — и военная машина пришла в движение.

अकल्प्यन्तwere prepared / were made ready
अकल्प्यन्त:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootकल्प् (धातु)
Formलङ् (imperfect), आत्मनेपद, 3, plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
मातङ्गाःelephants
मातङ्गाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमातङ्ग
Formmasculine, nominative, plural
समनह्यन्तwere harnessed / were equipped
समनह्यन्त:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootनह् (धातु) (सम्-उपसर्ग)
Formलङ् (imperfect), आत्मनेपद, 3, plural
पत्तयःfoot-soldiers
पत्तयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपत्ति
Formmasculine, nominative, plural
रथान्chariots
रथान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootरथ
Formmasculine, accusative, plural
आस्तरणोपेतान्provided with coverings/spreads
आस्तरणोपेतान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootआस्तरणोपेत (आस्तरण + उपेत)
Formmasculine, accusative, plural
चक्रुःthey did / they made
चक्रुः:
TypeVerb
Rootकृ (धातु)
Formलिट् (perfect), परस्मैपद, 3, plural
अन्येothers
अन्ये:
Karta
TypePronoun/Adjective
Rootअन्य
Formmasculine, nominative, plural
सहस्रशःby thousands / in thousands
सहस्रशः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसहस्रशस्

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
T
the king (rājā, implied)
A
army (senā, implied)
E
elephants (mātaṅga)
I
infantry (pattayaḥ)
C
chariots (ratha)
C
chariot-coverings (āstaraṇa)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights disciplined responsiveness to leadership and the organized mobilization of a kṣatriya army. Ethically, it frames war as a collective, duty-bound enterprise in which each group performs its role once the ruler’s intention is understood—showing how intention (abhiprāya) translates into coordinated action.

Sañjaya describes the army rapidly preparing for battle: elephants are equipped, infantry put on armor, and thousands arrange chariots with coverings. The preparations begin as soon as the king’s plan is grasped, indicating imminent engagement.