Shloka 19

Devanagari script

बाणसंघाननेकान्‌ वै प्रेषयामास भारत । नरेश्वर! भरतनन्दन! उस समय आपके पुत्रने आक्रमण करनेवाले धृष्टद्युम्मपर बहुत-से बाणसमूहोंका प्रहार किया ।।

Transliteration

sañjaya uvāca | bāṇasaṅghān anekān vai preṣayāmāsa bhārata | nareśvara bharatanandana tadā tava putreṇa ākrāntam dhṛṣṭadyumnam prati bahubhir bāṇasaṅghaiḥ prahāraḥ kṛtaḥ || dhṛṣṭadyumnas tato rājan tava putreṇa dhanvinā aśvān caturaḥ hatvā bāhvor urasi cārpitaḥ | nārācair ardhanārācaiḥ śīghrakāribhir vatsadantaiḥ kārīgaraiḥ śodhitaiś ca bāṇaiḥ ||

Translation

Санджая сказал: О Бхарата, о владыка людей, о радость рода Бхаратов — в тот миг твой сын послал множество залпов стрел, поражая наступающего Дхриштадьюмну. Затем, о царь, твой сын, искусный лучник, убил всех четырёх коней Дхриштадьюмны и вонзил стрелы также в его руки и грудь.

Word by Word

• बाण-संघान्: groups/volleys of arrows
• बाण-संघान्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: बाणसंघ
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• अनेकान्: many
• अनेकान्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अनेक
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• वै: indeed
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वै

• प्रेषयामास: sent/shot forth
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्र-इष्
• Form: Perfect (Periphrastic), 3, Singular

• भारत: O Bharata
• Type: Noun
• Root: भारत
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

• धृष्टद्युम्नः: Dhrishtadyumna
• धृष्टद्युम्नः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: धृष्टद्युम्न
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• ततः: then/thereupon
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः

• राजन्: O king
• Type: Noun
• Root: राजन्
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

• तव: your
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: त्वद्
• Form: —, Genitive, Singular

• पुत्रेण: by (your) son
• पुत्रेण: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: पुत्र
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Singular

• धन्विना: by the archer/bowman
• धन्विना: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: धन्विन्
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Singular

• अश्वान्: horses
• अश्वान्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: अश्व
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• चतुरः: four
• चतुरः: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: चतुर्
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• हत्वा: having slain
• Type: Verb
• Root: हन्
• Form: क्त्वा (absolutive), Parasmaipada (usage)

• बाहु-द्वय-उरसि: on (his) two arms and chest
• बाहु-द्वय-उरसि: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: बाहुद्वयोरस्
• Form: Neuter, Locative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• अर्पितः: was struck/was made to lodge (lit. placed)
• Type: Verb
• Root: अर्प्
• Form: क्त (past passive participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Dhṛtarāṣṭra (implied by addresses: Bhārata, Nareśvara, Bharatanandana)
• Duryodhana (implied as 'tava putra')
• Dhṛṣṭadyumna
• horses (Dhṛṣṭadyumna’s team)
• arrows (bāṇa, nārāca, ardhanārāca, vatsadanta)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The passage highlights the harsh logic of kṣatriya warfare: skill and duty drive combat forward, but each tactical success (disabling a chariot by killing horses, wounding the warrior) deepens the ethical burden and the tragedy of fratricidal conflict.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya reports to Dhṛtarāṣṭra that Duryodhana (your son) showers Dhṛṣṭadyumna with volleys of arrows, kills his four horses, and wounds him in the arms and chest with various types of well-crafted missiles.