Shloka 4

Devanagari script

दुःशासन उवाच दुःखेनैतत्‌ समानीतं स्थविरों नाशयत्यसौ । शत्रुसाद्‌ गमयद्‌ द्रव्यं तद्‌ बुध्यध्वं महारथा:

Transliteration

Duḥśāsana uvāca: duḥkhenaitat samānītaṃ sthaviro nāśayaty asau | śatrusād gamayad dravyaṃ tad budhyadhvaṃ mahārathāḥ ||

Translation

Духшасана сказал: «О великие колесничие, это богатство мы собрали с великим трудом, а тот старик теперь его расточает. Он отдал все сокровища под власть наших врагов — уразумейте это ясно!»

Word by Word

• दुःशासनः: Duhshasana
• दुःशासनः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: दुःशासन
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• उवाच: said
• Type: Verb
• Root: वच्
• Form: Perfect, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

• दुःखेन: with difficulty / painfully
• दुःखेन: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: दुःख
• Form: Neuter, Instrumental, Singular

• एतत्: this
• एतत्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: एतद्
• Form: Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular

• समानीतम्: brought/obtained (collected)
• Type: Verb
• Root: सम्-आ-नी
• Form: क्त (past passive participle), Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular

• स्थविरः: the old man
• स्थविरः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: स्थविर
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• नाशयति: destroys
• Type: Verb
• Root: नश् (णिच्)
• Form: Present, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

• असौ: that man (he)
• असौ: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: असद्/अदस् (प्रदर्शक सर्वनाम)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• शत्रुषु: among/under the enemies
• शत्रुषु: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: शत्रु
• Form: Masculine, Locative, Plural

• आत्: towards/into (as preverb element in sandhi)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: आ (उपसर्ग/अव्यय)

• गमयत्: causing to go / handing over
• गमयत्: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: गम् (णिच्)
• Form: शतृ (present active participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• द्रव्यम्: wealth/property
• द्रव्यम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: द्रव्य
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• तत्: that (fact/thing)
• तत्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• बुध्यध्वम्: understand/know (you all)
• Type: Verb
• Root: बुध्
• Form: Imperative, 2nd, Plural, Atmanepada

• महारथाः: O great chariot-warriors
• Type: Noun
• Root: महारथ
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Plural

Speaker

दुःशासन उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Duḥśāsana
• the elder/old man (sthaviraḥ; implied Dhṛtarāṣṭra)
• enemies (śatru)
• wealth/property (dravya)