Shloka 49

Devanagari script

देवास्तु पितृभि: सार्थ सगणा: सपदानुगा: । यमो वैश्रवणश्वैव वरुणश्न यतो<र्जुन:

Transliteration

devās tu pitṛbhiḥ sārthaṃ sagaṇāḥ sapadānugāḥ | yamo vaiśravaṇaś caiva varuṇaś ca yato 'rjunaḥ ||

Translation

Санджая сказал: Боги, вместе с Питрами, в окружении своих сонмов и последователей, а также Яма, Вайшравана (Кубера) и Варуна — все они присутствовали там, на той стороне, где стоял Арджуна. Эта картина подчеркивает: праведная решимость и дисциплина в бою привлекают к делу сам нравственный и космический порядок.

Word by Word

देवाःthe gods

तुbut/indeed

पितृभिःwith/by the Pitṛs (manes)

सार्थम्together/along with

सगणाःwith their troops/retinues

सपदानुगाःwith their followers/attendants

यमःYama

वैश्रवणःVaiśravaṇa (Kubera)

चand

एवindeed/also

वरुणःVaruṇa

चand

यतःfrom where/whence

अर्जुनःArjuna

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

Sañjaya

Devāḥ (gods)

Pitṛs (ancestors)

Yama

Vaiśravaṇa (Kubera)

Varuṇa

Arjuna

Character Dynamics

Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)

War Context

Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)

Philosophical Teaching

Political Layer

Geographic Context

Meter (Chandas)

Sandhi Notes

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse conveys that dharma is not merely personal virtue but a force aligned with the cosmos: when a warrior stands on the side of righteous duty, the guardians of moral order (like Yama and Varuṇa) and the divine hosts are depicted as gathering there, affirming ethical legitimacy.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya describes the battlefield as if the celestial world is observing and taking sides: gods, ancestors, and major deities such as Yama, Kubera (Vaiśravaṇa), and Varuṇa are said to be present where Arjuna is, heightening the sense that the conflict is being judged under a divine and moral gaze.