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Shloka 18

Kṛpa’s Archery Display; Śikhaṇḍin Checked; Suketu Slain; Dhṛṣṭadyumna–Kṛtavarmā Clash (कृपशौर्य–पार्षतहार्दिक्ययुद्धम्)

क्रुद्धं सिंह केसरिणं बृहन्तं बालो मूढ: क्षुद्रमृगस्तरस्वी । समाह्दयेत्‌ तद्धदेतत्‌ तवाद्य समाद्टदानं सूतपुत्रार्जुनस्य

kruddhaṃ siṃha-keśariṇaṃ bṛhantaṃ bālo mūḍhaḥ kṣudra-mṛgas tarasvī | samāhvayet tad dhy etat tavādya samāhvānaṃ sūtaputrārjunasya ||

Санджая сказал: О сын колесничего! Как глупое, по-детски безрассудное малое существо — юркая маленькая лань — могло бы дерзко бросить вызов огромному льву с пышной гривой, пылающему гневом, таково и твоё сегодняшнее приглашение Арджуны к бою. Это безумная провокация, слепая к истинной мере силы и к последствиям.

क्रुद्धम्angered
क्रुद्धम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootक्रुद्ध (√क्रुध्)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
सिंहम्lion
सिंहम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसिंह
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
केसरिणम्maned
केसरिणम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootकेसरिन्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
बृहन्तम्huge
बृहन्तम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootबृहन्त्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
बालःa child
बालः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootबाल
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
मूढःdeluded, foolish
मूढः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootमूढ (√मुह्)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
क्षुद्र-मृगःa petty/small beast (a mean animal)
क्षुद्र-मृगः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootक्षुद्र + मृग
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तरस्वीswift, impetuous
तरस्वी:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootतरस्विन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
समाह्वयेत्should challenge/call out
समाह्वयेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootसम्-आ-√ह्वे
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
तत्that
तत्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
indeed
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
एतत्this
एतत्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
तवof you/your
तव:
TypePronoun
Rootत्वद्
FormGenitive, Singular
अद्यtoday/now
अद्य:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअद्य
समाह्वानम्challenge, summons
समाह्वानम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसमाह्वान
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
सूत-पुत्र-अर्जुनस्यof Arjuna, the charioteer’s son (i.e., Karna’s epithet used tauntingly)
सूत-पुत्र-अर्जुनस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootसूत + पुत्र + अर्जुन
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
S
Sūtaputra (Karṇa)
A
Arjuna
L
lion (siṃha)
S
small deer/small beast (kṣudra-mṛga)

Educational Q&A

The verse warns against arrogant or impulsive provocation: challenging a superior force without discernment is self-destructive. Ethically, it critiques pride and delusion in war—valor must be guided by clear judgment, not by rashness or anger.

Sañjaya addresses Karṇa (called ‘Sūtaputra’) and compares his calling Arjuna to battle to a small swift animal foolishly challenging an enraged lion. The simile underscores the perceived imbalance and the peril of Karṇa’s challenge at this moment in the war.