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Shloka 45

कर्णपर्व — पञ्चदशोऽध्यायः | Karṇa Parva, Chapter 15: Pāṇḍya’s Advance and Aśvatthāmā’s Counterstroke

गन्धर्वनगराकारान्‌ रथांश्वैव सुकल्पितान्‌ । विनीतैर्जवनैर्युक्तानास्थितान्‌ युद्धदुर्मदै:,धनंजय अपने बाणोंद्वारा सुशिक्षित घोड़ोंसे जुते हुए, रणदुर्मद रथियोंकी सवारीमें आये हुए एवं गन्धर्वनगरके समान आकारवाले सुसज्जित रथोंके टुकड़े-टुकड़े करते हुए शत्रुओंपर बाण बरसाते और सजे-सजाये घुड़सवारों एवं पैदलोंको भी मार गिराते थे

sañjaya uvāca | gandharvanagarākārān rathāṁś caiva sukalpitān | vinītair javanair yuktān āsthitān yuddha-durmadān ||

Санджая сказал: Дхананджая (Арджуна), осыпая врага дождём стрел, разнёс на куски те искусно устроенные колесницы, по виду подобные дивному городу гандхарв, запряжённые выученными быстрыми конями и занятые воинами, опьянёнными дерзостью битвы. В том же натиске он сразил и украшенных всадников, и пеших ратников.

गन्धर्वनगराकारान्having the form of a Gandharva-city (illusory city)
गन्धर्वनगराकारान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootगन्धर्वनगराकार
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
रथान्chariots
रथान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootरथ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
एवindeed/just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
सुकल्पितान्well-constructed / well-arranged
सुकल्पितान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootसु-कल्पित
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
विनीतैःby well-trained (disciplined)
विनीतैः:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootविनीत
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Plural
जवनैःhorses (swift ones)
जवनैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootजवन
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
युक्तान्yoked / harnessed
युक्तान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootयुक्त
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
आस्थितान्mounted/occupied (ridden)
आस्थितान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootआ-स्था (धातु: स्था)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
युद्धदुर्मदैःby those maddened with battle-fury
युद्धदुर्मदैः:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootयुद्ध-दुर्मद
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Plural

संजय उवाच

S
Sanjaya
D
Dhananjaya (Arjuna)
G
Gandharvas
C
chariots (ratha)
H
horses (javana)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights the ethical warning against yuddha-durmada—battle-born arrogance. Splendor, numbers, and pride do not protect one in adharma-driven conflict; disciplined prowess and steadfast purpose can overturn even impressive military displays.

Sanjaya describes Arjuna’s battlefield action: he rains arrows, breaks apart well-equipped chariots drawn by trained swift horses and ridden by war-proud fighters, and he also fells decorated cavalry and infantry.