Shloka 21

Varṣa-Parvata-Nivāsinām Varnanam

Description of Regions, Mountains, and Their Inhabitants

Devanagari script

नीवारामहितां चापि सुप्रयोगां जनाधिप । पवित्रां कुण्डलीं सिन्धुं राजनीं पुरमालिनीम्‌,नरेश्वर! नीवारा, अहिता, सुप्रयोगा, पवित्रा, कुण्डली, सिन्धु, राजनी, पुरमालिनी, पूर्वाभिरामा, वीरा (नीरा), भीमा, ओघवती, पाशाशिनी, पापहरा, महेन्द्रा, पाटलावती, करीषिणी, असिक्नी, महानदी कुशचीरा, मकरी, प्रवरा, मेना, हेमा, घृतवती, पुरावती, अनुष्णा, शैब्या, कापी, सदानीरा, अधृष्या और महानदी कुशधारा

Transliteration

sañjaya uvāca |

nīvārāmahitāṃ cāpi suprayogāṃ janādhipa |

pavitrāṃ kuṇḍalīṃ sindhuṃ rājñīṃ puramālinīm ||

nareśvara! nīvārā, ahitā, suprayogā, pavitrā, kuṇḍalī, sindhu, rājñī, puramālinī, pūrvābhirāmā, vīrā (nīrā), bhīmā, oghavatī, pāśāśinī, pāpaharā, mahendrā, pāṭalāvatī, karīṣiṇī, asiknī, mahānadī kuśacīrā, makarī, pravarā, menā, hemā, ghṛtavatī, purāvatī, anuṣṇā, śaibyā, kāpī, sadānīrā, adhṛṣyā, mahānadī kuśadhārā

Translation

Sanjaya said: O king, I also saw the rivers named Nīvārāmahitā, Suprayogā, Pavitrā, Kuṇḍalī, Sindhu, Rājñī, and Puramālinī—along with many others. O lord of men, these famed waters, celebrated by name, were present in that vast gathering, suggesting the land’s sanctity and the moral weight of the great war about to unfold.

Word by Word

नीवारामहिताम्beneficial/agreeable to the Nīvāra people (or Nīvāra region)

चand

अपिalso/even

सुप्रयोगाम्well-applied/easy to use; well-directed

जनाधिपO lord of people (king)

पवित्राम्pure/holy

कुण्डलीम्the coiled/serpentine one (name/epithet, esp. of a river)

सिन्धुम्Sindhu (Indus); river/ocean

राजनीम्Rājanī (name/epithet, esp. of a river)

पुरमालिनीम्Puramālinī (city-garlanded; name/epithet, esp. of a river)

नरेश्वरO lord of men (king)

नीवाराNīvārā (name, esp. of a river)

अहिताAhitā (name/epithet; also 'not placed/unsuitable' depending on context)

सुप्रयोगाSuprayogā (well-directed; name/epithet)

पवित्राPavitrā (pure; name/epithet)

कुण्डलीKuṇḍalī (coiled/serpentine; name/epithet)

सिन्धुSindhu (Indus)

राजनीRājanī (name/epithet)

पुरमालिनीPuramālinī (name/epithet)

पूर्वाभिरामाPūrvābhirāmā (formerly delightful/beautiful; name/epithet)

वीराVīrā (valiant; name/epithet)

भीमाBhīmā (terrible/mighty; name/epithet)

ओघवतीOghavatī (abounding in streams/floods; name/epithet)

पाशाशिनीPāśāśinī (net/rope-eating; name/epithet)

पापहराPāpaharā (sin-removing; name/epithet)

महेन्द्राMahendrā (great-Indra; name/epithet)

पाटलावतीPāṭalāvatī (having pāṭalā trees/rose-apple hue; name/epithet)

करीषिणीKarīṣiṇī (muddy/manure-bearing; name/epithet)

असिक्नीAsiknī (Chenab; 'dark one')

महानदीMahānadī (great river; name/epithet)

कुशचीराKuśacīrā (having kuśa-grass banks; name/epithet)

मकरीMakarī (crocodile-bearing; name/epithet)

प्रवराPravarā (excellent; name/epithet)

मेनाMenā (name/epithet)

हेमाHemā (golden; name/epithet)

घृतवतीGhṛtavatī (ghee-like/abounding in ghee; name/epithet)

पुरावतीPurāvatī (ancient/with old towns; name/epithet)

अनुष्णाAnuṣṇā (not hot/cool; name/epithet)

शैब्याŚaibyā (name/epithet)

कापीKāpī (name/epithet)

सदानीराSadānīrā (ever-watered/perennial; name/epithet)

अधृष्याAdhṛṣyā (unassailable; name/epithet)

महानदीMahānadī (great river; name/epithet)

कुशधाराKuśadhārā (having kuśa-grass streams/banks; name/epithet)

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

Sanjaya

Janadhipa (king addressed)

Nareśvara (king addressed)

Nīvārāmahitā (river)

Suprayogā (river)

Pavitrā (river)

Kuṇḍalī (river)

Sindhu/Indus (river)

Rājñī (river)

Puramālinī (river)

Nīvārā (river)

Ahitā (river)

Pūrvābhirāmā (river)

Vīrā/Nīrā (river)

Bhīmā (river)

Oghavatī (river)

Pāśāśinī (river)

Pāpaharā (river)

Mahendrā (river)

Pāṭalāvatī (river)

Karīṣiṇī (river)

Asiknī (river)

Mahānadī Kuśacīrā (river)

Makarī (river)

Pravarā (river)

Menā (river)

Hemā (river)

Ghṛtavatī (river)

Purāvatī (river)

Anuṣṇā (river)

Śaibyā (river)

Kāpī (river)

Sadānīrā (river)

Adhṛṣyā (river)

Mahānadī Kuśadhārā (river)

Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)

Geographic Context

Sandhi Notes