Shloka 12

Devanagari script

ततो धर्मसुतो राजा माद्रीपुत्री च पाण्डवौ । मिषतां सर्वसैन्यानां द्रोणानीकमुपाद्रवन्‌

Transliteration

tato dharmasuto rājā mādrīputrī ca pāṇḍavau | miṣatāṃ sarvasainyānāṃ droṇānīkam upādravan ||

Translation

Санджая сказал: Затем царь Юдхиштхира, сын Дхармы, вместе с двумя Пандавами, рождёнными Мадри, на глазах у всех войск устремился прямо на боевое построение Дроны.

Word by Word

• ततः: then, thereafter
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः

• धर्मसुतः: Dharma's son (Yudhiṣṭhira)
• धर्मसुतः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: धर्मसुत
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• राजा: king
• राजा: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: राजन्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• माद्रीपुत्री: Mādrī’s daughter (Draupadī, as read here)
• माद्रीपुत्री: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: माद्रीपुत्री
• Form: Feminine, Nominative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• पाण्डवौ: the two Pāṇḍavas
• पाण्डवौ: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: पाण्डव
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Dual

• मिषताम्: while (they) were looking on
• मिषताम्: Adhikarana
• Type: Verb
• Root: मिषत्
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural

• सर्वसैन्यानाम्: of all the armies
• सर्वसैन्यानाम्: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: सर्वसैन्य
• Form: Neuter, Genitive, Plural

• द्रोणानीकम्: Droṇa’s battle-array/army-division
• द्रोणानीकम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: द्रोणानीक
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• उपाद्रवन्: they rushed/attacked
• Type: Verb
• Root: उप-√द्रु
• Form: Imperfect, 3rd, Plural

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Yudhiṣṭhira (Dharmasuta)
• Mādrī
• Nakula
• Sahadeva
• Droṇa
• the armies (Kaurava and Pāṇḍava forces)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights dharmic leadership in crisis: a righteous king does not hide behind others but takes visible responsibility in battle, confronting even a revered and formidable opponent (Droṇa) with courage and accountability.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya reports that Yudhiṣṭhira, accompanied by Nakula and Sahadeva (the sons of Mādrī), launches an open charge against Droṇa’s forces/formation, in full view of the assembled armies.