Shloka 5

Devanagari script

रथेषाश्न रथेषाभि: कूबरा रथकूबरै: । संगतैः सहिता: केचित्‌ परस्परजिघांसव:

Transliteration

ratheṣāśna ratheṣābhiḥ kūbarā rathakūbaraiḥ | saṃgataiḥ sahitāḥ kecit parasparajighāṃsavaḥ ||

Translation

Санджая сказал: Дышла ударялись о дышла, ярма и их штыри сталкивались с ярмами других колесниц. Некоторые воины, тесно сжатые в давке схватки, двигались с взаимным намерением убить друг друга,—образ боя, где сама близость становится оружием, а вражда подавляет всякую сдержанность.

Word by Word

• रथेषु: in chariots
• रथेषु: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: रथ
• Form: Masculine, Locative, Plural

• आश्न: they ate/consumed
• आश्न: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: अश् (अश्नाति)
• Form: Imperfect (Lan), 3rd, Plural

• रथेषु: in chariots
• रथेषु: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: रथ
• Form: Masculine, Locative, Plural

• अभिः: towards/against; upon
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अभि

• कूबराः: poles (of chariots)
• कूबराः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: कूबर
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• रथकूबरैः: with chariot-poles
• रथकूबरैः: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: रथकूबर
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Plural

• संगतैः: having come together; in collision
• संगतैः: Karana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: संगत
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Plural

• सहिताः: joined/combined; together
• सहिताः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सहित
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• केचित्: some (persons)
• केचित्: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: कश्चित्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• परस्पर: mutually; each other
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: परस्पर

• जिघांसवः: desirous of killing
• जिघांसवः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: जिघांसु
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• chariots (ratha)
• chariot-poles (īṣā)
• yokes/yoke-parts (kūbara)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights how war compresses human agency into mechanical collision and mutual hatred: when people become 'packed together' with the intent to kill, ethical discernment is eclipsed by enmity. It implicitly warns that unchecked hostility turns even tools (chariots) into instruments of indiscriminate destruction.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya reports the intensity of the Kurukṣetra fighting: chariots are so densely engaged that their poles and yokes strike each other, and combatants in the crush press together, each seeking the other's death.