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Shloka 13

Brahmopadeśa: Ahiṃsā, Jñāna, and the Kṣetrajña–Sattva Analysis

Chapter 49

एवं व्युत्थापिते धर्मे बहुधा विप्रबोधिते । निश्चयं नाधिगच्छाम: सम्मूढा: सुरसत्तम

evaṁ vyutthāpite dharme bahudhā viprabodhite | niścayaṁ nādhigacchāmaḥ sammūḍhāḥ surasattama suraśreṣṭha brahman ||

Когда дхарма изложена таким образом и объяснена множеством способов — порой даже противоречивых, — мы приходим в смятение относительно того, что же есть дхарма на самом деле. Потому, о лучший из богов, о верховное божество, о Брахман, мы не в силах прийти к твёрдому заключению.

एवम्thus, in this manner
एवम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएवम्
व्युत्थापितेwhen (it is) set forth/established
व्युत्थापिते:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootव्युत्थापित
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
धर्मेin/with regard to dharma
धर्मे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
बहुधाin many ways
बहुधा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootबहुधा
विप्रबोधितेwhen (it is) explained/expounded (variously)
विप्रबोधिते:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootविप्रबोधित
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
निश्चयम्a definite conclusion, certainty
निश्चयम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootनिश्चय
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अधिगच्छामःwe attain/arrive at (we reach)
अधिगच्छामः:
TypeVerb
Rootअधि-गम्
FormPresent, First, Plural, Parasmaipada
सम्मूढाःbewildered, deluded
सम्मूढाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसम्मूढ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
सुरसत्तमO best of the gods
सुरसत्तम:
TypeNoun
Rootसुरसत्तम
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
सुरश्रेष्ठO foremost among the gods
सुरश्रेष्ठ:
TypeNoun
Rootसुरश्रेष्ठ
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
ब्रह्मन्O Brahman (O Lord Brahmā / O Absolute)
ब्रह्मन्:
TypeNoun
Rootब्रह्मन्
FormNeuter, Vocative, Singular

वायुदेव उवाच

V
Vāyudeva (speaker)
B
Brahman (addressed as supreme principle/deity)
S
Surasattama/Suraśreṣṭha (the best of the gods—addressee)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights a classic Mahābhārata concern: dharma can be taught and justified in multiple, even contradictory ways, which can leave sincere seekers confused. It implies the need for higher discernment or authoritative guidance to reach a stable ethical conclusion.

Vāyudeva addresses a supreme divine authority (called ‘best of the gods’ and ‘Brahman’), admitting that after hearing dharma expounded in many different ways, the listeners are perplexed and cannot decide what the correct course or definition of dharma is.