Mahabharata 1.74.2 — Adi Parva, Adhyaya 74, Shloka 2

अध्याय ७४: अक्रोध–क्षमा–निवासनीति

Chapter 74: Non-anger, Forbearance, and the Ethics of Residence

Devanagari script

त्रिषु वर्षेषु पूर्णेषु दीप्तानलसमपद्युतिम्‌ रूपौदार्यगुणोपेतं दौष्पन्तिं जनमेजय

Transliteration

vaiśaṃpāyana uvāca | triṣu varṣeṣu pūrṇeṣu dīptānalasamapadyutim rūpau­dāryaguṇopetaṃ dauṣpantiṃ janamejaya |

Translation

Вайшампаяна сказал: Когда минули полные три года, о Джанамеджая, Шакунтала родила сына из рода Душьянты — сияющего, как пылающий огонь, наделённого красотой и благородной щедростью и отмеченного великой доблестью. Повествование подчёркивает свершение законного родства и явление достойного наследника, чьи добродетели представлены как знамения предначертанного царства.

Word by Word

• त्रिषु: in three
• त्रिषु: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: त्रि
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Locative, Plural

• वर्षेषु: years
• वर्षेषु: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: वर्ष
• Form: Neuter, Locative, Plural

• पूर्णेषु: having been completed
• पूर्णेषु: Adhikarana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पूर्ण
• Form: Neuter, Locative, Plural

• दीप्त: blazing
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दीप्त
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• अनल: fire
• Type: Noun
• Root: अनल
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• सम: like, equal to
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सम

• पद्युतिम्: splendour, radiance
• पद्युतिम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: पद्युति
• Form: Feminine, Accusative, Singular

• रूप: beauty/form
• रूप: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: रूप
• Form: Neuter, Instrumental, Singular

• औदार्य: generosity/nobility
• औदार्य: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: औदार्य
• Form: Neuter, Instrumental, Singular

• गुण: qualities
• गुण: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: गुण
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Plural

• उपेतम्: endowed with, possessed of
• Type: Adjective
• Root: उप-इ
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• दौष्पन्तिम्: son/descendant of Duṣyanta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दौष्पन्ति
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• जनमेजय: O Janamejaya
• Type: Noun
• Root: जनमेजय
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

• जनमेजय: O Janamejaya
• Type: Noun
• Root: जनमेजय
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

Speaker

वैशग्पायन उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Vaiśaṃpāyana
• Janamejaya
• Duṣyanta (implied by dauṣpanti)
• Śakuntalā (from the narrative context of the verse)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse frames the birth of a royal heir as the fruition of rightful lineage and virtue: the child’s splendor and qualities (beauty, generosity, prowess) are presented as ethical and political markers of fitness for kingship, aligning personal excellence with dharmic continuity.

What is happening in the narrative?

After three years have passed, Śakuntalā gives birth to a son connected to Duṣyanta’s line, described as fire-like in radiance and rich in noble qualities; Vaiśaṃpāyana narrates this to King Janamejaya.