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Shloka 20

Gradations of Bliss and Knowledge; Lakṣmī’s Special Insight; The Rarity of Bhakti in Kali-yuga; Nīlā’s Vow and Śrīnivāsa Darśana

Devanagari script

स्पष्टस्वरूपेण यथा विदुः सुरा मुक्त्वा ब्रह्माणं न तथा तेप्यमुक्ताः / स्वात्मानमन्यच्च सदा विशेषर्युक्तं विजानाति विधिश्च मारुतः

Transliteration

spaṣṭasvarūpeṇa yathā viduḥ surā muktvā brahmāṇaṃ na tathā tepyamuktāḥ / svātmānamanyacca sadā viśeṣaryuktaṃ vijānāti vidhiśca mārutaḥ

Translation

Как боги знают (Всевышнего) в ясном и явленном образе — кроме Брахмы, — так и неосвобождённые не знают Его таким образом. Но Брахма (Устроитель) и Ваю (бог Ветра) всегда различают Атман и то, что не-Атман, как особое и дифференцированное.

Word by Word
स्पष्ट-स्वरूपेणby (their) clear form
स्पष्ट-स्वरूपेण:
करण (instrumental of manner)
TypeNoun
Rootस्पष्ट (प्रातिपदिक) + स्वरूप (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचन; Instrumental singular; क्रियाविशेषण-भाव (by means of clear form)
यथाas
यथा:
क्रियाविशेषण
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा (अव्यय)
Formउपमान/प्रकारवाचक-अव्यय (as, just as)
विदुःknow
विदुः:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Rootविद् (धातु)
Formलिट् (Perfect/लिट्), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन; Perfect 3pl
सुराःthe gods
सुराः:
कर्ता
TypeNoun
Rootसुर (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; Nominative plural
मुक्त्वाhaving left; excluding
मुक्त्वा:
क्रियाविशेषण (पूर्वकाल)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootमुच् (धातु)
Formक्त्वान्त-अव्यय (absolutive/gerund); ‘having left/excluding’
ब्रह्माणम्Brahmā
ब्रह्माणम्:
कर्म (with मुक्त्वा)
TypeNoun
Rootब्रह्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; Accusative singular
नnot
न:
निपात
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (अव्यय)
Formनिषेधार्थक-अव्यय
तथाso, in that manner
तथा:
क्रियाविशेषण
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा (अव्यय)
Formरीतिवाचक-अव्यय (so, in that way)
तेthey
ते:
कर्ता
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; Pronoun, Nominative plural
अपिeven
अपि:
निपात
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि (अव्यय)
Formनिपात (also/even)
अमुक्ताःnot liberated
अमुक्ताः:
कर्ता-विशेषण
TypeAdjective
Rootअ (नञ्) + मुक्त (कृदन्त; मुच् धातु, क्त)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; Nominative plural; विशेषण of ते
स्व-आत्मानम्one's own self
स्व-आत्मानम्:
कर्म
TypeNoun
Rootस्व (प्रातिपदिक) + आत्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; Accusative singular
अन्यम्the other (also)
अन्यम्:
कर्म (co-object)
TypeAdjective
Rootअन्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग/पुंलिङ्ग (प्रयोगे द्वितीया एकवचन), द्वितीया, एकवचन; Accusative singular; with ellipsis of a noun (e.g., जगत्/तत्त्वम्)
चand
च:
समुच्चय
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चयबोधक-अव्यय
सदाalways
सदा:
क्रियाविशेषण
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसदा (अव्यय)
Formकालवाचक-अव्यय (adverb of time)
विशेषैःwith distinctions
विशेषैः:
करण
TypeNoun
Rootविशेष (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन; Instrumental plural
युक्तम्endowed
युक्तम्:
कर्म-विशेषण
TypeAdjective
Rootयुक्त (कृदन्त; युज् धातु, क्त)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग/पुंलिङ्ग (कर्मानुसार), द्वितीया, एकवचन; agrees with implied object (स्वात्मानम्/अन्यम् as known with distinctions)
विजानातिknows
विजानाति:
क्रिया
TypeVerb
Rootवि+ज्ञा (धातु)
Formलट्, परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन
विधिःVidhī (Brahmā)
विधिः:
कर्ता
TypeNoun
Rootविधि (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; Nominative singular (epithet of Brahmā)
चand
च:
समुच्चय
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चयबोधक-अव्यय
मारुतःMāruta (Vāyu)
मारुतः:
कर्ता (co-subject)
TypeNoun
Rootमारुत (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; Nominative singular (Vāyu)
Speaker

Lord Vishnu (speaking to Garuda/Vinata-putra)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Liberation correlates with clear knowledge of the Supreme; the unliberated lack such clarity; discernment of Self vs non-Self is pivotal.

Vedantic Theme: Ātma–anātma-viveka as a gateway to mokṣa; gradations of jñāna among beings.

Application: Cultivate discrimination (viveka) through study, reflection, and meditation; examine identification with non-self; align life toward liberating insight rather than mere belief.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: adbhuta

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana: mokṣa-oriented passages emphasizing viveka and detachment (thematic)

Characters & Entities
D
Devas
B
Brahma
V
Vayu (Maruta)

FAQs

The verse links moksha with “clear-form” knowledge: liberation is associated with direct, unconfused discernment of the Supreme/Reality, whereas the unliberated lack that clarity.

It frames the soul’s progress as a movement from confused identification to steady discernment—knowing the Self (ātman) as distinct from the non-self—an inner shift that underlies liberation.

Practice discrimination (viveka): regularly examine what is lasting (Self, awareness) versus changing (body, roles, emotions), and align actions with dharma to support clarity and detachment.

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