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Shloka 13

An exposition of varṇa-dharma as taught by Yājñavalkya

Devanagari script

पिता पितामहो भ्राता सकुल्यो जननी तथा / कन्याप्रदः पूर्वनाशे प्रकृतीस्थः परः परः

Transliteration

pitā pitāmaho bhrātā sakulyo jananī tathā / kanyāpradaḥ pūrvanāśe prakṛtīsthaḥ paraḥ paraḥ

Translation

Когда прежнее мирское состояние прекращается (в час смерти), отец, дед, брат, родичи, мать и даже тот, кто выдаёт дочь замуж,—все остаются в своём естественном мирском положении; но Верховный Господь (Бхагаван, Вишну) превыше всего, Высочайший превыше высочайшего.

Word by Word
पिताfather
पिता:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootपितृ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन
पितामहःpaternal grandfather
पितामहः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootपितामह (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन
भ्राताbrother
भ्राता:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootभ्रातृ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन
सकुल्यःkinsman of the same family/lineage
सकुल्यः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootसकुल्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन
जननीmother
जननी:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootजननी (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन
तथाalso/likewise
तथा:
Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; समुच्चय/अन्वयार्थक (also/likewise)
कन्याप्रदःgiver of the maiden (in marriage)
कन्याप्रदः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootकन्या (प्रातिपदिक) + प्रद (कृदन्त; √दा/दद् ‘to give’ + प्र- उपसर्ग)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (कन्यायाः प्रदः = giver of the maiden)
पूर्वनाशेin the prior absence/destruction (i.e., when earlier ones are gone)
पूर्वनाशे:
Adhikarana (Location/अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootपूर्वनाश (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन
प्रकृतीस्थःsituated in the proper/natural order
प्रकृतीस्थः:
Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रकृति (प्रातिपदिक) + स्थ (कृदन्त; √स्था ‘to stand’ )
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; सप्तमी-तत्पुरुषः (प्रकृतौ स्थितः = situated in the natural order)
परःnext/other
परः:
Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootपर (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन
परःnext (in succession)
परः:
Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootपर (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; पुनरुक्ति (emphatic repetition)
Speaker

Lord Vishnu (speaking to Garuda/Vainateya)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: At death, all worldly relations remain within their natural condition; only the Supreme is truly beyond and ultimate refuge.

Vedantic Theme: Para-brahman as transcendent; distinction between prakriti-bound relations and the Absolute; implicit viveka/vairagya.

Application: Cultivate non-attachment to social identity and kinship as ultimate support; orient remembrance and surrender toward the Supreme, especially in life’s final phase.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: karuna

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana Pretakalpa themes: impermanence of worldly ties at death; need for higher refuge (general parallel motifs)

Characters & Entities
F
Father
G
Grandfather
M
Mother
R
Relatives
K
Kanyāprada (giver of the bride)

FAQs

This verse emphasizes that at death relatives remain in their own worldly condition, so spiritual refuge should be sought in the Supreme who transcends all.

It contrasts the perishing of one’s former worldly state with the fact that family cannot accompany the departing person; only the Supreme Reality stands beyond that change.

Cultivate devotion and ethical living now—honor family duties, but train the mind to remember the Supreme as the ultimate support at life’s end.

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